造林树种对大兴安岭露天煤矿废弃地土壤养分的影响

Effect of Afforestation Species on Soil Nutrient in Dumping Site of Open Coal Mine in Daxing'an Mountain

以黑龙江大兴安岭古莲河露天煤矿排土场为研究对象,研究不同造林树种对土壤养分的影响。结果表明:各造林树种都能增加排土场土壤养分质量分数,尤其以有机质最为显著,平均提高了172.22%,全氮、全磷、全钾和速效钾质量分数分别提高了22.01%、25.60%、7.52%和22.03%。同一树种不同整地方式对土壤养分质量分数没有显著影响,造林3 a后,客土与裸根造林地,土壤养分指标大致处于同一水平,随着时间的增长,各栽植方式对土壤养分指标的增长影响越来越小。客土与裸根造林,对樟子松、落叶松和沙棘的成活率、高生长和基径生长影响较小,但对生物量影响显著,客土造林生物量高于裸根造林,其中樟子松和沙棘客土造林与裸根造林生物量差异达到极显著水平。

We investigated the nutrient content of soil under different afforestation species in an abandoned dump of Oulian sur- face coal mine in Daxing＇ an Mountains. The content of soil nutrient increased in all afforested waste dump, especially for organic matter, the increase was significant, 172.22% times than that of bare dump control, while the content of total ni- trogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and rapidly-available potassium mass fraction increased by 22.01% , 25.60% , 7.52% and 22.03%, respectively. For each tree species, different soil preparation methods had different effect on soil nutrient, but the difference between them was not significant. For both the replace and bare root planting, the soil nutrient contents were almost at the same level. After three years forestation, the influence of planting methods on the increase of soil nutrient contents became less and less. Replace and bare root of afforestation on mongolica, larch and survival rate, high growth and base growth had less effect, but had significant influence on the biomass. Replace afforestation biomass was higher than bare root afforestation biomass, and the biomass differences among mongolica, sea-buckthoru and bare root afforestation reached a significant level.