思茅松主要鳞翅目害虫的产卵选择性

Oviposition Preferences of Major Lepidoptera Pests of Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis

运用同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)和气相色谱—质谱联用技术(GC-MS)比较了思茅松(Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis)、阿丁枫(Altingia chinensis)和西南桦(Betula alnoides)的树叶挥发性物质的组成和含量,并对松实小卷蛾(Retinia crstata)、微红梢斑螟(Dioryctria rubella)、思茅松毛虫(Dendrolimus kikuchii)在3种树上的产卵选择性进行了试验。GC-MS分析结果表明:思茅松针叶的挥发性物质以α-蒎烯为主,也含有较多的β-蒎烯、莰烯、石竹烯、月桂烯和β-水芹烯等萜烯类化合物;阿丁枫树叶的挥发物以(E)-石竹烯、异石竹烯、α-依兰油烯、愈创烷-1(5),11-二烯及双环大根香叶烯为主;而西南桦树叶挥发物中,除含有α-蒎烯等萜烯类化合物外,主要以2-己烯醛、2-己烯-1-醇、(Z)-3-己烯-1-醇、(Z)-2-己烯-1-醇等绿叶气味物质为主。产卵选择性试验表明:松实小卷蛾、微红梢斑螟、思茅松毛虫偏好选择思茅松针叶为其产卵场所,而将思茅松喷施阿丁枫和西南桦树叶提取物后,针叶上的产卵量大大减少。说明植物挥发物在松实小卷蛾、微红梢斑螟、思茅松毛虫等鳞翅目松树害虫的产卵寄主选择中起关键作用,松树挥发物提供了寄主对雌虫产卵适宜性的化学信息,而阔叶树挥发物则对其产卵具有驱避作用。

By simultaneous distillation extraction （SDE） and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （GC-MS） , we compared the leaf volatile compositions of Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis, Altingia chinensis, Betula alnoides and we tested oviposi- tion preferences of Retinia crstata, Dioryctria rubella and Dendrolimus kikuchii. In volatile of Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis, α-pinene is the dominant component. β-pinene, camphene, caryophyllene, myrcene and β-phellandrene are also the main components. In volatile of Altingia chinensis, （E） -caryophyllene, isocaryophyllene, a-muurolene, guaiane-1 （5） , 11-diene and bicyclogermacrene are the main components. In addition to some terpenoids （ega-pinene） , lots of green leaf volatile compounds are in volatile of Betula alnoides, such as 2-exenal, 1-hexenol, （Z）-3-cyclohexene-l-ol and （Z）-2- cyclohexene-l-ol. Tests of oviposition preferences show that three species prefers Pinus kesiya vat. langbianensis as their egg dropping sites, and oviposition amounts are greatly reduced when volatile extracts of Altingia chinensis or Betula al- noides spray over leaves of Pinus kesiya vat. langbianensis. Plant volatileas play important roles in oviposition host selec- tion for the pine pest, and R. crstata, D. rubella, D. kikuchii, pine volatile can provide some chemical cues of suitability for females to oviposit. Whereas, the broadleaf volatiles are repellent to the oviposition.