跖趾关节运动功能的研究进展及其在体育科学领域中的应用

Research Advancements in Motor Function of Metatarsophalangeal Joint and Its Applications in Sports Science

概述了跖趾关节在运动功能方面的研究进展以及在体育科学领域中的应用。跖趾关节这一曾被长期忽略的肢体末端关节,现已被研究者与教练员重新重视,其在提高运动表现和成绩方面的潜力被重新评估。从1)跖趾关节的功能解剖和运动特征;2)跖趾关节的能量学及运动表现;3)跖趾关节的训练和相关鞋具研究三个方面对跖趾关节在体育科学领域的研究进行了分析、总结。发现,如何提升跖趾关节屈伸的力学作用,有效减少跖趾关节能量吸收,并最终表现在疲劳、能耗和运动表现等方面的提高,已成为探索跖趾关节在足及下肢运动中所具备功能的关键。跖趾关节的运动功能和生物力学特性,包括与能量贡献及运动能力之间的关系等新特征和新理论,为理解和优化人体运动的发展开辟了新方向,并可藉此进一步延伸到相关训练理论、体育器械和运动装备的开发研究中。

This paper showed the progress on motor function of metatarsophalangeal joint and its applications in the field of sports science. The metatarsophalangeal joint, which is a long- neglected joint, has now been considered again by researchers and coaches. Its potential roles in increasing sports performance have been re-examined. In the present study, we have summa- rized the advancements in the motor function of metatarsophalangeal joint within the following three major aspects.. 1 ） functional anatomy and movement characteristics; 2） energetics and sports performance：3） training and related shoes. This paper has showed that the key points to understanding the function of metatarsophalangeal joint and its relation to the motion of the foot and low-limb are how to improve the mechanical effects of metatarsophalangeal joint on the flexion and extension movements, effectively reduce the energy absorption at the metatarso- phalangeal joint, and enhance the ability of anti-fatigue, energy return, and sports performance. The research on the biomechanical characteristics of metatarsophalangeal joint, including the re- lationship between the joint and energy contribution, can also provide a new direction for un- derstanding the optimization of human locomotion and sports-related apparel.