美国城市示范运动及其启示研究

A REVIEW AND REVELATION ON AMERICAN MODEL CITIES PROGRAM

在当代世界各国的城市化进程中,城市的更新改造和发展以及相关问题和矛盾的解决都是要面临的重要课题。示范城市运动是美国大规模城市更新运动的重要阶段,也是轰轰烈烈的"伟大社会"改革中后期重要的战略转移。本文选取该项运动为研究主题,回顾了其发生背景、发展过程,分析了其正反两方面的经验,以期为中国在进入改革开放关键时期构建和谐社会进程中更好地解决城市问题提供一个有价值的参照。

Against the backdrop of globalization, urban renewal, development and effective measures and so-lutions to solve the confronted problems are rather necessary and important for every country in the world during the process of urbanization. According to the Research Reports on China Urban Development 2009 made by Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, China ranked No. 1 in the urbanization scale in the whole world and Chinese urban population became twice of Americans＇ and even more than the whole population of 27 members of EU. That means the fast increase of Chinese urbanization in the new century. Meanwhile, China is in the key transitional period of its socio-economic structure, cultural pattern, and so on. Facing un- precedented developing opportunity and present complicated situation, China needs to know the unique fea-tures and characteristics of its own urbanization and learn from other countries widely and wisely in order to find a series of reasonable, practical, multidimensional and comprehensive strategies suitable for its own ur- ban development. Whereas American urbanization can be traced back to the late 19th century and basically achieved its fulfillment with the rate over 70% till the year 1970. During the whole process, America had been facing sorts of troubling problems and trying different reforms and experiments to adjust to its urban de-velopment. The Model Cities Program was one momentous attempt, which was enforced in the late 1960s by Lyndon· B· Johnson administration as a new step in the Great Society reforms and a linkage between the Ur- ban Renewal Movement and the War on Poverty. This thesis is trying to analyze the background, process and the more important, the experiences and lessons of the Model Cities Program to set an object of reference for Chinese urban development and planning in the Harmonious Society structure.