广州海珠区学生奶计划实施现状及其影响因素

Implementation of School Milk Program and influencing factors in Haizhu district of Guangzhou

目的了解小学生及家长对"学生饮用奶计划"的认知、态度、行为及其影响因素,为完善学生奶计划提供依据。方法采用整群抽样的方法,在广州市海珠区2所小学选取学生274名和家长273名进行问卷调查。结果有45.3%的学生每天饮奶;学生奶的订购率为54.4%,性别间差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.117,P=0.146),年级间差异有统计学意义(χ2=25.005,P<0.01);有超过60%的学生和家长听说过学生奶计划;赞同学生奶可以提供成长所需营养、有必要在校供应学生奶的比例,学生高于家长(P值均<0.01);在愿意饮学生奶、对学生奶质量放心的学生中,学生奶的订购率较高(χ2值分别为8.101,5.699,P值均<0.05);与不饮奶的家长相比,有饮奶习惯的家长更愿意为孩子订购学生奶(χ2=7.467,P=0.006);家庭月均收入越高,学生奶的订购率越高(χ2=13.843,P=0.001)。结论应继续加强营养和饮奶健康教育,特别是针对家长。

Objective To understand the knowledge,attitude,behaviors concerning ＂ School Milk Program＂,and the influencing factors among pupils and parents,and to provide evidence for improvement of ＂ School Milk Program＂.Methods A total of 274 pupils and 273 parents were selected by cluster sampling method in 2 primary schools in Haizhu district of Guangzhou,and a questionnaire survey was conducted.Results About 45.3% of pupils drank milk every day.About 54.4% of pupils had ordered school milk.There was no gender difference in school milk order rate（χ2= 2.117,P = 0.146）,but significant difference was found in grade（χ2= 25.005,P0.01）.More than 60% of respondents including pupils and parents had heard of ＂ School Milk Program＂.Compared with parents,pupils had higher agreement with that school milk can provide nutrients required for growth（χ2 = 16.359,P0.01） and that it is necessary to supply pupils with school milk（χ2= 20.105,P0.01）.The percentages of ordering school milk were much higher among pupils who liked to drink school milk（χ2 = 8.101,P = 0.004） and who were satisfied with quality of milk（χ2= 5.699,P = 0.017）.Parents who had milk-drinking habit preferred to order school milk for their children（χ2= 7.467,P = 0.006） as compared with parents who dislike milk.The higher family income,the higher possibility of parents to order school milk for their children（χ2 = 13.843,P = 0.001）.Conclusion Public awareness on nutrition and School Milk Program should be strengthened,especially for the parents.The quality and safety of school milk must be ensured to promote the implementation of ＂ School Milk Program＂.