湘西土家族苗族小学生营养状况与日常生活方式

Nutritional status and daily life style of Tujia and Miao minority primary school students in Xiangxi

目的了解湘西州土家族、苗族小学生营养状况及其与日常生活方式的关系,为制定少数民族小学生营养状况改善对策提供依据。方法分层随机整群抽取湘西州土家族、苗族1 447名小学生进行体格测试和问卷调查,采用身高标准体重法评价学生营养状况。结果土家族和苗族小学生中度营养不良、肥胖检出率分别为6.08%,13.13%。对学校体育课持不同态度、饮食生活方式及余暇时间生活方式不同的学生营养状况差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),其中每天吃零食、睡前加餐的学生肥胖率均最高(16.52%,22.02%);每天睡眠时间≥9 h的学生中度营养不良、肥胖率均最高(10.71%,26.19%);每天没有余暇体育锻炼时间的学生超重、肥胖率均最高(10.05%,18.09%);每天看电视/上网时间≥60 min的学生肥胖率最高(20.50%)。结论土家族、苗族小学生营养不良与营养过剩并存,日常生活方式对营养状况有影响。应加强对小学生营养健康知识的普及和教育,引导小学生建立良好的生活方式。

Objective To understand the nutritional status and the effect of daily life style on Tujia and Miao minority primary school students in Xiangxi.Methods By using stratified random sampling method 1 447 pupils were selected.Physique test and questionnaire survey were taken to them.Percentage of mediam height with standard weight method was used to estimate nutritional level of students.Results The rate of malnutrition and obesity were 6.08% and 13.13% respectivly.The nutritional status of students who had different attitude to physical education curriculum,different life style in diet and leasure time were significantly different（P0.01）.The obesity rate of students who ate snacks and added food before sleeping everyday were highest（16.52% and 22.02%）.The malnutrition and obesity rates of students whose sleep time was over nine hours everyday were all highest（10.71% and 26.19%）.The overweight and obesity rates of students who had no exercise time everyday were highest（10.05% and 18.09%）.The obesity rate of students who watching TV or using Internet time over 60 minutes everyday was highest（20.50%）.Conclusion Under and over-nutrition both exist in Tujian and Miao minority primary school students.The effect of most daily life styles would influence the nutritional status.Nutritional education should be taken to puples for guiding them to build healthy life style.