北京市东城区幼儿园物理环境卫生学现状

An environmental health study on kindergarten physical environment of Dongcheng District in Beijing

目的了解东城区幼儿园物理环境现状,为制定幼儿园物理环境卫生标准提供参考依据。方法对北京市东城区所有27所幼儿园进行整群抽样,开展基本情况调查;并对不同朝向、不同楼层的活动室进行典型抽样,对59间活动室进行现场检测。结果东城区所有幼儿园的户外活动场地面积人均不足10 m2,幼儿园小班活动室人均面积合格率为46.2%、中班为35.7%、大班为66.7%;窗地比合格率为47.5%,采光系数合格率为54.2%,后、侧墙反射系数合格率为3.4%,50.8%的活动室课桌面平均照度达到300 lx,黑板平均照度合格率为12.5%;仅有11.8%的课桌与幼儿身高配套,19.6%的课椅与幼儿身高配套。结论幼儿园要通过创造良好的物质环境来培养幼儿的良好生活习惯、卫生习惯和参加体育活动的兴趣,增加户外活动时间,减少室内用眼时间,增强幼儿体质,保护幼儿视力。

Objective To understand the status of kindergarten physical environment of Dongcheng District in Beijing,in order to provide the reference materical to formulate the kindergarten environmental standard.Methods A cluster sampling including 27 kindergartens was selected to investigate basic status.The typical sample including 59 rooms for on-site detection was choosed by the different direction,different floors of the activity room.Results The outdoor activities of all kindergarten in Dongcheng District was less than 10 m2 per capita.The pass rate of activity room area of primary class was 46.2% per capita,middle class was 35.7%,the top class was 66.7%.The pass rate of glazing floor area ratio and daylight factor were 47.5%,54.2%,respectively.The pass rate of reflection coefficient of backwall and flank was 3.4%.50.8% of the activity room desk average illuminance reached 300 lx.The average intensity of the qualified rate was 12.5%.Only 11.8% desks and 19.6% of chairs were supported the height of children.Conclusion Kindergarten should create a good environment to develop children＇s good habits,health habits and the interesting of participating in the sports,as well as increase the time for outdoor activities,reduce the time of using eye indoor,enhance their physique to protect children＇s eyesight.