中国A级旅游景点空间结构的计量地理分析

Analysis on Spatial Structure of A-Grade Scenic Spots in China Based on Quantitative Geography Model

以2012年中国2 424个A级旅游景点为研究对象,运用样方分析、最近邻距离指数、基尼系数和分布均匀度、热点分析等空间计量地理方法,对其空间分布模式进行了定量分析。研究结果表明:中国A级景点呈凝聚分布态势,空间分布均衡度低。人文景点的聚集程度高于自然景点,4A级及以上优质景点的聚集程度低于4A级以下景点。4A级及以上各个景点的服务范围在地域上整体表现为西部大东部小、北方大南方小的特征,其空间结构与交通可达性非常匹配。旅游景点整体上在八大地理分区中呈集中分布,景点一阶热点区主要集中在德钦—阿拉善左旗一线以东地区;二阶热点区包括京津、沪宁、浙江、山东半岛、成渝等11个区域;三阶热点区包含京津冀、中原和长三角。

The study of the spatial structure of tourism is receiving increasing attention but methodology so far has used qualitative rather than quantitative methods. Based on an investigation of 2 424 National A-grade tourist attractions and using GIS and some quantitative analysis methods, such as Nearest Neighbor Index （NNI）, Gini Coefficient, quadrat analysis, hot spot clustering, and the spatial structure of scenic spots were investigated. Based on matrix raster data covering the whole space, this paper calculates spatial accessibility of all A-grade scenic spots in China using cost weighted distance method and ArcGIS as platforms. Service range of each scenic spot at 4A level and above in China was delimitated by using cost allocation method. The results show that the distribution of A-grade scenic spot in China is a type of agglomeration and spatial distribution equilibrium is low. Agglomeration of human scenic spots is higher than that of natural scenic spots, while the agglomeration of scenic spots at 4A level and above is less than that of scenic spots below 4A level. Service range of each scenic spot at 4A level and above in China was more advanced in south-eastern region than that in north-western region, whose spatial structure were closely related with traffic accessibility layout in China. First-order hotspots areas were mainly concentrated in the east side of the line formed by in Deqin-Alxa Left Banner. The second hotspots areas were composed of 11 region, while the third-order hot spots areas including Beijing, Tianjin, Central Plains and the Yangtze River Delta. This research can provide a new reference for tourist spatial structure study methodologically.