发展战略与比较视野下的中国社会政策转向

China's Social Policy Transition in View of Development Strategy and Comparative Study

国际经验表明,后发工业化国家或地区的社会政策与它们选定的发展战略密切相关。具体来说,赶超引发的资本积累压力不仅迫使这些国家和地区把高度稀缺的资源投资生产,也迫使这些国家和地区放松有助于劳动者保护的社会性规则,以此来保持低成本的优势,这约束了它们的社会政策转向。已有研究发现,虽然伴随着工业化的推进,早就产生了应对社会问题和普遍增进社会成员福祉的呼吁,但各国仍普遍在工业化进行到五十年后社会政策才开始转向,表明国家在社会政策起源中有强大的自主性。基于此,当解释中国20世纪90年代末以来的社会政策转向时,也有必要对国家的角色给予更多的关注。中国伴随着赶超战略的缓和,资本积累压力放缓、政府积累一定的剩余、社会因市场化冲击而形成的寻求保护的共识,三者共同作用,同时在政府转变经济发展方式需要的配合下,才使得中国的社会政策转向得以发生。

International experience shows that, the social policy of post-industrialization countries or areas are closely related to their development strategy. Based on such development strategy assumption of social policy transition, this paper provides an explanation to China＇ s social policy changes since the late 1990s. We conclude that, with the gradually easing development strategy, all factors as increasing government accumulation, consensus of social protection, the need of transformation of growth model, have jointly push forwarded China＇s policy transition.