巴塞尔协议Ⅲ在美国的实施及其对中国的启示

The Implement and Experience of Basel Ⅲ Accord in the United States and the Inspiration to China

巴塞尔Ⅲ体现了微观审慎监管与宏观审慎监管有机结合的监管新思维,按照资本监管和流动性监管并重、资本数量和质量同步提高、资本充足率与杠杆率并行、长期影响与短期效应统筹兼顾的总体要求,确立了国际银行业监管的新标杆。美国银行业监管实践一直是国际效仿的典范。美国中小银行数量众多,但规模较小,银行业务复杂,统一监管具有一定难度。美国针对巴塞尔Ⅲ国际协议实施而制定的国内立法草案因统一监管遭到中小银行的强烈反对而推迟实施。统一监管一方面会提高中小银行的运营成本,另一方面抵押贷款发展受限将限制银行开展竞争,不利于银行业整体发展。中国在巴塞尔Ⅲ落地实施过程中,应当充分考虑到中小银行经营特殊性,做到差异化监管,同时考虑到政策统一性和连贯性,做到国际规定与国内监管的协调,降低新规实施成本。金融危机余波犹存,不断变化的金融市场也随时在向巴塞尔III这个尚未完善的银行业监管框架提出挑战。

The United States, as a member of Basel Committee has long been dedicated in the implement o{ Basel Accord in its own country. In 2012, the United States announced the Basel II, Basel II. 5 and draft Basel III for their implementation in the country. However, the Basel III draft is strongly against by domestic banking industry, especially small and middle-sized banks. Regulatory authorities thus delay the time in undertaking the new accord. This thesis makes a summary of the implement of Basel III and reasons for opposing the implement of Basel III by small and middle-sized banks in the hope of making more meaningful advice for our financial system.