北魏鲜卑丧葬习俗考论

On the Custom of Xianbei Tribe' Funeral in Northern Wei Dynasty

北魏鲜卑葬俗的演变过程体现出汉化和胡化混合交叉的复杂特征。北魏鲜卑葬俗从胡风到汉俗的转型,以太和改制为分水岭。改制以前,鲜卑葬俗以本族丧葬风格为主,如葬送之日伴以歌谣、鼓舞、杀牲和烧葬,甚至还可婚娶作乐。改制以后,鲜卑葬俗呈现出儒家化的进程;但鲜卑族的丧葬传统并未完全遗弃,并显示出多元胡化的特征,如突厥化的倾向。魏末元怿葬礼所呈现的混合元素,正是北魏鲜卑丧葬习俗多元文化冲突整合的鲜活体现。北魏鲜卑丧葬习俗的演变过程,显示出北魏胡汉、胡胡民族融合与文化互动的典型特征。

The custom of Xianbei tribe＇ funeral in Northern Wei Dynasty contained the multiple factors, especially the the characteristics of Sinicization and foreignization. Taihe Reformation witnessed the transition from foreignization to Sinieization. Before the reformaiton, the custom was based on the tribe＇ habit. For instance, on the burial-day Xianbei tribe＇ pepole might sing, dance, kill the animals and made the burnning, even deal with the matters of marriage. After reformation, the custom appearred the process of Sinicization, which mingled with the multiple factors, for example, the Turkic factors. Yuanyi funeral displayed the complexity of ethnic and cultural diversity. The custom of Xianbei tribe＇ funeral in Northern Wei Dynasty reflected the typical character of cultural interaction between Chinese nation and barbarian tribes.