女性创业型领导:多维度结构与多水平影响效应

Women's Entrepreneurial Leadership: the Multi-dimensional Construction and Multilevel Effects

本研究目的在于探究中国变革背景下女性创业型领导(WEL)的构思,并且验证其多维复杂构思的多水平本质及其产生的多水平影响效应。研究一,基于扎根理论方法开发中国变革背景下女性创业型领导的多维构思;研究二,编制女性创业型领导行为量表,通过对246名女性创业者和企业家的被试数据进行探索性因素分析(EFA)初步验证了女性创业型领导的构思效度;进一步通过对302名女性创业者和企业家的被试数据进行验证性因素分析(CFA)来验证女性创业型领导的六维度构思最优,并且采用组合信度和AVE方法检验其具有良好聚合效度和区分效度。同时,验证了该量表具有良好的信度和效度。研究三,通过152家女性经营企业进行多来源多阶段数据收集,进一步研究证实了女性创业型领导构思的多水平本质,并且采用OLS回归与HLM分析来验证女性创业型领导的多水平影响效应。研究结果显示:在组织水平,聚焦组织的WE对创业组织绩效(包括财务绩效、组织创新绩效、社会责任绩效)起到显著积极影响作用;在员工个体水平,聚焦员工的WEL对员工变革承诺和个体主动性产生积极的影响效应;另外,聚焦组织的WEL和体现女性领导者魅力的亲和感召对员工变革承诺和个体主动性跨水平上产生积极影响效应。

In this article, we aim at exploring the conception of the type of women's entrepreneurial leadership(TOWEL) under the background of the process of China's reform, and at testing the nature of the multi-level of its multi-dimen sion complicated conception and the multi-level influencing effects it has produced. Our first study is on the basis of the method of the taking-root theory, to develop the multi-dimension conception of TOWEL under the background of the process of China's reform. Our second study is to compile a measurement table of the behavior of TOWEL; by ex ploring factor analysis of the data of 246 women entrepreneurs who have been tested, we have preliminarily tested and verified the degree of the effect of the conception of 248 women entrepreneurs and enterprisers; further, by means of the factor analysis, of the nature of test, of the data on 302 women pioneers and enterprisers who have been tested, we have tested and verified the best of the six-dimension conception of the TOWEL; we have adopted the composite confi dence degree and the AVE method to examine it's the degree of the efficiency of good conglomeration and the degree of the efficiency of differentiation. At the same time, we have tested and verified that the above-mentioned table has good degree of confidence and efficiency. Our third study is, by means of the collection, from many sources and at many stages, of data on 152 enterprises managed by women, to further study and approve the multi-level nature of the conception of TOWEL, and by the adoption of OLS regression and the HLM analysis, to test and verify the multi-level effect of TOWEL. The results of our study show that, at the organization level, the WE of the focal organization has ob vious positive effect on the performance(including the financial performance, the organizational innovative performance and the social responsibility performance), that, at the level of individual employees, the WEL of the focal employees has active influencing impact on employees' promise of reform and their individual initiative, and that the WEL of the focal organization and the charisma and affinity embodied in women leaders have positive influencing impact on em ployee's promise of reform and on the individuals' initiative above their ability.