奥运会田径项目金牌时空动态演变分析

Dynamic Evolution of Gold Medal Time and Space of Olympic Games Athletics

通过对1896—2012年共计30届奥运会田径项目金牌时空演变的统计分析发现,1)从空间归属来看,奥运会田径项目的竞争格局主要在欧洲、北美洲之间。欧洲、北美洲为金牌强势区;非洲为优势区;大洋洲、亚洲、南美洲为弱势区。2)从时空演变来看,各阶段欧洲、北美洲此消彼长,长期形成对峙状态。近阶段,非洲的崛起打破欧洲、北美洲在某些项目上的长期垄断。3)从项目发展来看,欧洲各项目发展相对平衡,投掷类、超长距离类、长距离类项目优势突出;北美洲各项发展不均匀,速度类、中距离类、跳跃类实力超群;非洲项目发展单一,以长距离类、超长距离类为主;大洋洲、亚洲势单力薄,只在少部分项目上有突破;南美洲金牌数量极少,多项至今还没有取得突破。从而启示我国,应根据各地区特点,结合当地政治、经济、文化、教育、地域等特点对田径项目进行布局。

This paper analyzes dynamic evolution of gold medal time and space from the 1896to 2012Olympic Games athletics,the results show that firstly,from space belonging to see,the competition pattern of the Olympic Games athletic mainly between Europe and North America.Europe,North America are the gold medal strong area;Africa is advantage area;Oceania,Asia,South America are vulnerable area.Secondly,from the time and space evolution perspective,each stage was contend by Europe and North America,and long-term formed confrontation.Lately,the rise of Africa had broken a long period of monopoly of Europe and North America in some projects.Thirdly,from the project development perspective,the European project development is relative balance.Throwing event,the extra-long distance event,long distance event are prominent superiority.But the uneven development is in North America,the speed event,perimeter event,skip event are super group.In African,project development is single,long distance event and the longest distance event have obviously advantage.Oceania,Asia has a few breakthroughs in some projects.South America has won only a few gold medals,and there is still no progress in most of the project.So as to enlighten our country should layout the track and field project based on regional features,combined with the local politics,economy,culture,education and regional characteristics,to lay a solid foundation for athletic powerful country in future.