太极拳:老年女性体适能健康促进

Taijiquan:Health Promotion on Physical Fitness of Elderly Women

目的：探析长期修炼太极拳对老年女性体适能健康的影响。方法：以集美老年大学太极拳班练拳6~10年女学员36人为实验组,书法班、摄影班、诗词班女学员34人为对照组,对两组学员进行身体工作能力（PWC130）、最大耗氧量（VO2max）、肺活量（VC）、第1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）、呼气峰流量（PEF）、5次肺活量试验（FVC Test）、握力、腿力、前臂关节活动度（ROM）、肘关节本体感觉敏感性、体脂率（BFR）、腰臀比（WHR）、身体质量指数（BMI）检测。结果：实验组的PWC130、VO2max、VC、FEV1、PEF、握力、腿力、前臂ROM、肘关节本体感觉敏感性均大于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;FVC Test,第4次肺活量（4′VC）与第1次肺活量（1′VC）,第5次肺活量（5′VC）与第1次肺活量（1′VC）比较,上升和持平人数、FEV1%及WHR的达标人数均比对照组多,有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,BFR和BMI两组并无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论：老年女性长期坚持太极拳运动能全面提高心血管适能、肺功能、肌肉力量、柔韧适能,在干预老年女性慢性病中有独特的作用。

Objective：To explore and analyze the fitness impact of practicing Taijiquan for long time on physical health of elderly women.Method：Regarding the Taijiquan class of Jimei Old Age University as a group which contains 36elderly women who all have 6~10years＇ learning experience.The control group which includes calligraphic class,photography class and poetry class,has totally 34elderly women.Then we relatively detect two groups in PWC130,VO2 max,VC,FEV1,PEF,FVC Test,the Power of Gripping,Leg Strength,Forearm ROM,Propriceptive sensibility of elbow,BFR and WHR.Result：The Taijiquan group is higher than the control group in PWC130,VO2 max,VC,FEV1,the power of gripping,leg strength,forearm ROM and propriceptive sensibility of elbow.The difference has statistically significant differences（P0.05）;FVC test：4′VC to 1′VC ratio as well as 5′VC to VC ratio rise or keep flat,standard students in FEV1% and WHR both outnumber the students in control groups,which has marked difference（P0.05）.However,there is no statistically significant differences in BFR and BMI（P0.05）.Conclusion：Elderly women persisting in Taijiquan exercise can overall improve cardiovascular fitness,lung function,muscle strength,flexibility fitness,it plays a special role in chronic disease intervention of elderly women.