战后初期日本对琉球的领土政策——兼论钓鱼岛问题

Japan's Territorial Policy toward the Ryukyu Islands in the Early Post-War Period—Also Discussing the Issue of Diaoyu Island

日本为了保住对琉球的主权,自二战结束伊始就开始研究对策,通过多渠道影响美国的对日领土政策。冷战的出现尤其是朝鲜战争的爆发,为日本取得对琉球的残存主权提供了机会。日本以向美国提供琉球的驻军权换取日本保有琉球主权的领土政策,一箭双雕,既解决了日本的安全保障问题,又解决了琉球的领土主权问题,是日本现实主义外交政策的体现。日本设法通过将琉球群岛改换成"西南群岛"的方式扩大琉球领土的范围,美国并未接受。但由于1953年的"第27号令"将钓鱼岛划入美国所托管的琉球区域,1971年美国向日本返还冲绳施政权时将钓鱼岛的施政权也交给了日本,使中日钓鱼岛争端复杂化,并导致中日钓鱼岛纠纷始终存在美国因素。

Immediately after World War Two,Japan began to study strategies to retain sovereignty over the Ryukyu Islands,and used many channels to influence US policy toward Japan's territorial boundaries.The emergence of the Cold War—and particularly the outbreak of the Korean War—provided an opportunity for Japan to acquire the remaining sovereignty over the Ryukyu Islands.Japan offered the United States the right to maintain a garrison on the Ryukyu Islands in return for a US policy stating that Japan held sovereignty over the islands,thus killing two birds with one stone by both guaranteeing Japan's security,and resolving the issue of sovereignty over the Ryukyu Islands.This was an expression of Japan's realist diplomacy.Japan tried to enlarge the territorial extent of the Ryukyu Islands by changing the name of the Ryukyu Islands to the 'Southwest Islands,' but this change was not accepted by the USA.Nevertheless,in 1953 the United States issued 'Proclamation No.27' incorporating Diaoyu Island into the Ryukyu region under its trusteeship,and when the United States transferred administrative authority over Okinawa to Japan in 1971,administrative authority over Diaoyu Island was given to Japan as well.This complicated the point of contention between China and Japan over Diaoyu Island,as a result of which the United States has always been a factor in the Sino-Japanese dispute over Diaoyu Island.