梨形筒式好氧堆肥反应器的开发与应用

Development and application of a pyriform rotating drum reactor for aerobic composting

针对现有堆肥反应器移动困难、难以使物料充分混合及堆肥效率不稳定等问题,开发了梨形筒式好氧堆肥反应器。从物料和热量平衡、通风量及搅拌方式优化等方面对反应器进行了研究。反应器主要包括梨形筒体、无轴螺旋导叶、通风系统、动力系统和控制系统等,具有易于移动、便于进/出料等优点。在通风量为2.0 L/min,初始物料投加量5.0kg(干重比∶粪便/锯末=1∶4),含水率约60%时,利用反应器对人粪便进行序批式堆肥实验,结果表明,反应器搅拌5 min后混合均匀率可达90%以上,符合混合均匀度的要求;堆体温度从第2天开始升温至50℃以上并保持30 d;TOC和COD均呈持续下降趋势,降解率分别为72.61%和72.81%;种子发芽指数为92.18%,可完全达到腐熟标准。

Based on the results of material and heat balance as well as the optimization of wind pressure and agitator,a pyriform reactor was developed to make it more suitable for the aerobic composting.The reactor is mainly composed of a pyriform rotating drum,two shaftless spiral guide vanes,ventilation systems,power devices and monitoring system.The reactor has the advantages of the high mobility and more convenience to the material in and out.Under the condition of 2.0 L / min of ventilation rate,5 kg of initial material feeding,1∶ 4 of feces-sawdust ratio in dry weight and 60% of moisture content,a study in pilot-scale sequencing batch feeding for human feces composting was carried out.As a result,the mix uniformity was up to 90% after 5 min agitation;a significant increasing in compost heap temperature of higher than 50℃ was found from the second day and the process maintained about 30 days.The TOC and COD decreased gradually with the final removal rates of 72.61% and 72.81%,respectively.In addition,the germination index was 92.18%,indicating that the maturity criteria were reached.