Treg细胞在过敏性免疫应答和过敏原特异性免疫治疗中的作用机制研究进展

Update on mechanisms of T-regulatory(Treg)cell functions in allergic immune responses and their roles during allergen specific immunotherapy

调节性T细胞(Treg细胞)是过敏性免疫应答过程中重要的调节细胞,在过敏原特异性免疫治疗诱导外周免疫耐受的过程中发挥关键性作用。过敏原特异性效应T细胞向Treg细胞的倾斜是机体正常发挥免疫应答的关键,也是过敏原特异性免疫治疗成功的标志之一。天然Treg细胞(CD4+CD25+FOXO3+Treg细胞)和TR1细胞(分泌IL-10的Treg细胞)在控制过敏原特异性免疫反应方面的作用途径包括抑制(树突状细胞)DCs的作用,抑制Th1、Th2、Th17细胞效应,抑制过敏原特异性IgE的分泌,诱导IgG4的产生,抑制肥大细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞,抑制效应T细胞向组织迁移。因此,正确理解免疫调节和过敏原SIT机制对基础研究和临床实验都有重要意义。本文结合目前对免疫调节机制的研究现状,对Treg细胞在过敏性免疫中的功能及在过敏原SIT期间的作用进行综述。

Regulatory T（Treg）cells have been identified as key regulators of immunologic processes in peripheral tolerance to allergens.Skewing of allergen-specific effector T cells to a regulatory phenotype appears to be key to the development of a healthy immune response to allergens and successful outcomes in patients undergoing allergen-specific immunotherapy.Naturally occurring forkhead box protein 3-positive CD4＋CD25＋Treg cells and inducible TR1cells contribute to the control of allergen-specific immune responses in several major ways.They suppress dendritic cells that facilitate the production of effector T cells;they suppress effector TH1,TH2,and TH17cells;they suppress allergen-specific IgE and induce IgG4;they suppress mast cells,basophils,and eosinophils;and they suppress effector T-cell migration to tissues.Understanding the mechanisms of immune regulation and allergen SIT is currently a key topic in basic and clinical research.This review describes Treg cell functions in allergic immune responses and their roles during allergen SIT based on recent developments and current understanding of immune regulation.