三峡库区生态环境对钉螺滋生适宜性的影响

Effect of Ecological Environment on Suitability of Oncomelaria hupensis Gredler Breeding in Three Gorges Reservoir Areas

为探明三峡建坝后生态环境变化对钉螺滋生的影响,在三峡库区重庆段(万州、开县)收集气象资料,实地调查库区不同环境的植被类型和抑螺防病林。结果表明三峡库区年均气温在18.2~18.7℃,在长江沿岸及主要支流的滩地、山地共调查2 800 m2,发现草本植物30余种。优势植被主要有飞蓬、狗尾草、苍耳、空心莲子草、金盏银盘等,发现钉螺喜欢食用的植物有白茅、莎草。调查发现抑螺防病林树种主要有杨柳、桑树、巨桉、柑橘等,三峡建坝后杨柳、巨桉的生长状况较好,三峡库区生态环境适宜钉螺滋生,应加强重点环境监测和抑螺防病林的建设。

To explore the effect of ecological environment changes on Oncomelaria hupensis Gredler breeding after Three Gorges construction, the weather data was selected in the Chongqing section （Wanzhou, Kaixian）of Three Gorges Reservoir areas,the plants of different environment and the Oncomelaria hupensis Gredler control and schistosomiasis prevention forest were investigated in the Three Gorges Reservoir areas （TGR）. Results showed that the average temperature was 18.2N18.7 22 in the TGR. 2 800 ms environments were investigated along the Yangtze River and beaches and mountain area of its branches. More than 30 types of herbs were found. The dominant plants included Comnyza canadeusis ,Setaira viridis ,Xanthium sibiricum ,A lternamhera philoxeroides ,Bidens bitemaa,etc. In^erata cylindrica and Cyperus microiria that Oncomelaria hupensis Gredler liked to eatwerefound. Mainafforestationspeeiesforthe Oncomelaria hupensis Gredler eontrol and schistosomiasis prevention forest included Salix bobylonica, Morus alba,Eucalyptus grandis and Citrus reticulate and etc. ,dominant species were Salix babylonica and Eucalyptus grandis. Conclusion showed the Oncomelaria hupensis Gredler could breed under the new ecological envimnment of Chongqing section of Three Gorges Reservoir areas. It was necessary to strengthen surveillance in this high risk area and construction of the Oncomelaria hupeusis Gredler control and schistosomiasis prevention forest.