论著作权法替代责任制度——兼评我国立法相关条款的完善

On Vicarious Liability Rules of Copyright Law——Reviewing Related Regulations Perfection of China

作为民法侵权责任法中的重要制度,替代责任主要适用于雇佣和监护关系,体现了民法保护弱势群体、合理分配不幸损害的价值理念。在著作权领域,美国率先通过判例引入替代责任,并逐渐将适用这一规则的案件类型化,为著作权保护提供了极大的便利。著作权替代责任制度不仅体现了法的公平正义价值取向,也符合法的经济效率要求。我国《信息网络传播权保护条例》第22条第4款是关于替代责任的规定,但其责任构成要件存在缺陷,给网络服务提供商施加了过重的监督控制义务,且与间接侵权规则相冲突。网络环境下建立著作权替代责任规则,需要分析网络中经营者所处的地位,评估其盈利来源和监督控制能力,避免干扰其正常的经营活动。

Vicarious Liability, as an important rule in the traditional civil tort law, primarily used in em ployer employee relationship, guardianship relationship, reflects the values of civil law protecting the inter ests of vulnerable parties and seeking a reasonable distribution of unfortunately harm. The United States copy fight law, also through cases introduced this rules, gradually identified types of vicarious liability cases, bring ing the judicial protection of copyright with great convenience. Vicarious liability in the field of copyright law not only reflects the law＇ s moral values of fairness and justice, but also meets the requirements of economic ef ficiency. Article 22 of paragraph 4 in China the Right of Communication through Information Network Regula tions are about vicarious liability rules, but its liability requirements has defects, putting Internet service pro riders overweight supervision and control obligation, and conflicting with indirect infringement rule. When es tablishing the copyright vicarious liability rules under Network environment, we need analyze the status of net work operators, assess their source of profit and supervision control ability and avoid interference with its nor mal business activities.