不同类型钵苗摆栽密度对粳型超级稻产量及光合物质生产特征的影响

Effects of Different Bowl Types and Densities on Grain Yield,Characteristics of Photosynthesis and Dry Mass Production of Bowl Transplanted Japonica Super Rice

【目的】研究能最大发挥水稻潜力的钵苗大穴摆栽规格与合理密度,探索水稻省工超高产栽培新途径。【方法】以超级稻品种武运粳24、南粳44为供试材料,采用新型3连孔、2连孔塑盘育秧,以常规单孔塑盘育秧为对照,分别设置5种不同移栽密度,研究钵苗新型摆栽生产潜力及合理密度配置。【结果】(1)3连孔、2连孔、单孔,分别栽插15×104hm-2、18×104hm-2、24×104hm-2穴产量最高,三者又以2连孔最高。(2)不同类型钵苗间,产量、成熟期干物重以及抽穗-成熟期的干物质阶段积累量、比例和群体生长率等均表现为:在较少基本苗栽培条件下(36×104hm-2)单孔>2连孔>3连孔,在中等基本苗条件下(72×104hm-2)2连孔>3连孔、单孔,在较多基本苗条件下(90×104hm-2—108×104hm-2)3连孔、2连孔>单孔。3种类型钵苗最高产处理的抽穗-成熟物质积累量、比例、群体生长率均为2连孔>3连孔>单孔。(3)相同基本苗之间,茎蘖成穗率表现为3连孔>2连孔>单孔,抽穗后叶面积衰减率为单孔>2连孔>3连孔;最高产条件下成穗率表现为2连孔>3连孔>单孔,叶面积衰减率为单孔>3连孔>2连孔。(4)相同基本苗间,除基本苗为最低的36×104hm-2外,3连孔、2连孔抽穗、蜡熟、成熟期单茎茎鞘重以及茎鞘最大输出与转化均高于单孔。【结论】2连孔、3连孔稻株在栽插穴数减少1/3至1/2的情况下,分蘖成穗率相对较高、抽穗后叶面积衰减率较低、在适宜或较多基本苗条件下群体中后期光合物质生产优势明显,产量潜力较高,特别是2连孔增产显著。

[Objective] This experiment seeks to maximize the potential of rice bowl seedling planting specifications and reasonable density profile, explore new ways of labor saving and accomplish super high yielding cultivation office. [Method] The experiment was conducted by raising seedling of combinings with 3-bowl, 2-bowl and a single bowl seedling discs and usingWuyunjing 24 and Nanjing 44 as materials. Five different rice transplanting densities were designed, and the new bowl seedling planting production potential and the reasonable density were studied. [ Result] The treatments of 3-bowl together with 15x 10^4 hm^-2 holes, 2-bowl together with 18 x 10^4 hm^-2 holes and a single bowl with 24x 10^4 hm^-2 holes accomplished the highest yield level, while the 2obowl together with 18x 10^4 hm^-2 holes yielded most among the three treatments. For the different types of bowl seedlings, dry matter accumulation, its proportion of distribution, crop growth rate from heading to maturity stage and grain yield, a pattern at the initial showed a trend of single bowl〉 2-bowl 〉 3-bowl under the lower basic seedling condition of 36x 10^4 hm^-2, 2-bowl 〉 3-bowl and single bowl under the medium basic seedling condition of 72x10^4 hm^-2 , 2-bowl and 3-bowl〉single bowl under the larger basic seedling condition of 90× to 108x 10^4 hm^-2. In the three maximum yield conditions, dry matter accumulation, its proportion of distribution and crop growth rate from heading to maturity stage showed a trend of 2-bowl〉3-bowl〉single bowl. In the same basic seedling conditions, the effective tiller percentage showed a trend of 3-bowl 〉 2-bowl 〉 single bowl while the decreasing rate of leaf area showed a trend of single bowl 〉 2-bowl 〉 3-bowl. Under the three maximum yield conditions, the effective tiller percentage showed a trend of 2-bowl〉3-bowl〉single bowl while the decreasing rate of leaf area showed a trend of single bowl〉3-bowl〉 2-bowl. Under the same basic seedling conditions, with the exception of the basic seedling in a minimum of 36 ~ 104 hm2, dry matter per stem and sheath at heading, waxy, maturing stages and its maximum export and transformation showed a trend of 2-bowl and 3-bowl〉single bowl. [Conclusion] Under the conditions of 2-bowl and 3-bowl seedling discs, the holes for transplanting rice reduced by nearly 1/3 to 1/2, the effective tiller percentage becomes higher while the decreasing rate of leaf area becomes lower than the single bowl transplanting disc, the photosynthesis and dry mass production＇s advantage becomes more obvious after heading stage in the appropriate or larger basic seedling conditions. 2-bowl and 3-bowl seedling transplanting discs have a higher yield potential, especially for the 2-bowl transplanting disc.