北京市农村地区生活饮用水水氟含量分析

The Content of Fluoride in Drinking Water in Rural Area of Beijing

目的掌握改水后北京市农村地区生活饮用水水氟含量水平,为农村进一步改水提供技术保障。方法 2009年和2011年分层按比例随机抽取北京市12个涉农区县的供水单位,其中集中式供水单位枯、丰水期分别检测出厂水和末梢水的水氟含量,分散式供水单位和地氟病区监测点枯、丰水期仅检测末梢水的水氟含量。结果共监测供水单位1 269个,覆盖了37.5%(1 269/3 384)的农村供水单位和27.2%(1 665 401/6 127 050)的农村人口。共采集水样4 888份,水氟中位值为0.29 mg/L,含量范围为0.01～3.22 mg/L,84.0%的水样水氟含量在0.5 mg/L以下,顺义和通州平均水氟含量相对较高。34个监测点的64份水样水氟含量超过1.0 mg/L,涉及供水人口33 683人;44.1%(15/34)的超标监测点是地氟病区监测点。地下水和地面水的水氟含量无统计学差异(P大于0.05),水氟含量在枯、丰水期出厂水和末梢水中的差异也无统计学意义(P大于0.05)。结论北京农村大部分地区属低氟水区域,但农村改水后饮水水氟仍存在超标现象,以轻度超标为主。

Objectives To investigate the content of fluoride in drinking water after the Water Improvement Project being conducted in rural area of Beijing, and to provide important technical support for water improvement in the future. Methods Stratified proportional and randomized sampling method was used to select drinking water samples from the rural areas of 12 counties of Beijing in 2009 and 2010. The concentration of fluoride in drinking water was surveyed according to the project. Results A total of 1 269 in 3 384 （37.5%）water supply departments which covering 27. 2% （ 1 665 401/6 127 050） of rural population were investigated. The median of fluoride concentration in 4 888 drinking water samples was O. 29 mg/L （0.01 -3.22 mg/L）. Fluoride concentration in 84.0% of drinking water samples was in the range of O. 01 -0.5 mg/L, but the median of fluoride concentration in Shunyi County and Tongzhou County were relatively higher. The fluoride concentration of 64 drinking water samples from 34 water supply departments which covering 33 683 rural population was over 1. 0 mg/L, and 44. 1% （15/34） of samples were collected from local fluoride epidemic monitoring points. No statistically significant difference was observed between the concentration of fluoride in the finished water and tap water from underground water or surface water during dry or wet seasons. Conclusions Most of rural areas in Beijing were located in low fluorine area, but the fluoride concentration of drinking water in some regions is still slightly over the standard afterwater improvement projects being conducted.