载重子午线轮胎接地特性的有限元分析

Finite Element Analysis on Ground Contact Performance of Truck and Bus Radial Tire

采用Abaqus有限元分析软件建立11.00R20载重子午线轮胎与地面接触的三维有限元模型,研究轮胎的接地特性。结果表明:充气压力越高,轮胎接地区域应力出现中心低、边缘高翘曲现象的负荷值越大;下沉量增大,轮胎接地印痕从椭圆变为矩形,高压区由胎冠处移动到胎肩处;在各种工况中,轮胎静态接地面积最大;自由滚动时随着速度提高,轮胎接地印痕纵轴变长、横轴变短,但是接地面积增大,总接地反力也增大;摩擦因数对轮胎的自由滚动半径影响较小,但摩擦因数越大,纵向剪切应力越大,胎面越容易磨损;随着侧偏角增大,接地高压区逐渐向一边移动,接地印痕变为三角形。

The three dimensional model for 11.00R20 truck and bus radial tire in the ground con- tact area was established by using Abaqus finite element analysis software,and the ground contact per- formance of the tire was investigated. When the inflation pressure increased, the load value also in- creased at which the contact stress distribution started to distort into the distribution of low stress in the middle and high stress on the edge. As the tire deformation increased, the contact area transformed from ellipse shape into a rectangle,and the high pressure area shifted from the center part of contact area to tire shoulder. Among different operation conditions, the ground contact area under static state was the biggest. Under free rolling, with increase of speed, the longitudinal length of ground contact area increased,the horizontal length decreased, but the total contact area increased, and the counter force also increased. The influence of friction coefficient on the free rolling radius of the tire was not significant. However, when the friction coefficient increased, the longitudinal shear stress increased, and thus the tread wore out faster. As the slip angle increased, the high stress area moved to one side, and the shape of contact area changed to a triangle.