辐射性和链性多义的异同及其范畴化意义

The Similarities and Differences between Radiation and Meaning Chain and Their Categorical Significance

辐射性和链性多义都是基于家族相似性和原型范畴理论,但是它们的语义变化方式不同,辐射性多义有共时也有历时变化,而链性多义多经历了历时变化,词的原始义与在尾的引申义发生了"连锁联结"现象,词的非认知理据丧失或变得模糊。语义和句法是不同的范畴,它们的范畴化和非范畴化也应区别研究,保留结构的辐射性多义发生语义范畴化,改变结构的辐射性多义发生语义范畴化和句法范畴上的非范畴化,但是它们都没有发生语义非范畴化。链性多义的首尾意义发生语义非范畴化,但在句法范畴上没有发生非范畴化。本研究不仅有助于学生理解和记忆多义词,而且有助于理解多义词的范畴化和非范畴化及其它们之间的关系。

Both radiation and meaning chain are based on family resemblance and prototype theory, and the former experiences synchronic and diachronic changes, while the latter experiences diachronic changes and the concatenation occurs in which the primitive meaning of a word almost has no relation with the extended meaning in the end, so the non-cognition motivation of a word disappears or becomes vague. Semantic category is different from syntactic category, so their categorization and decategorization should be treated differently. Structure-retained radiation experiences semantic categorization and structure-shift radiation experiences semantic categorization and syntactic decategorization, but neither experiences semantic decategorization. The primitive and end meaning of a meaning chain experience semantic decategorization, but they haven＇t experienced syntactic decategorization. The study is helpful not only for students to understand and remember polysemous words but also to understand categorization, decategorization and the relationship between them.