科胡特自体心理学对传统“阻抗”概念的反思

AReflection of Kohut Self Psychology on Traditional Concept of “Resistance”

阻抗概念由弗洛伊德提出,在传统观点中阻抗表现为对理性意识的抗拒,因此阻抗被看成是对治疗的一种干扰行为,也因此被认为是应该克服的。科胡特意识到在临床实践中传统的"阻抗"概念可能会误导分析师,使治疗陷入僵局。而根据自体心理学观点,阻抗是一种使个体免于伤害的自我保护,反映了病人在经历悲惨生活境遇时成功维持自身心理组织能力的水平。科胡特对于阻抗认识的进步丰富了心理治疗领域的理论构建,同时也促进相关的咨询技术的完善。

It was Freud＇s difficulty with this particular patient that led him to his clinical concept of resistance. The traditional concept views resistances as treatment interferences that must be overcome as they defend against awareness of impulses and allow for unconscious instinctual gratification. Kohut realized that in clinical practice traditional concept of＂resistance＂ may mislead the analyst and cause the treatment come to a deadlock. Self psychology views resistances as protecting a vulnerable self. Resistances are seen as efforts to maintain levels of organization that patients have achieved within the context of their traumatic life situation.