对体育侵权中受害人同意规则的再认识——与艾湘南老师商榷

Reconsidering Victim Consent in Sports Tort——Discussion with Miss AI Xiangnan

我国《侵权责任法》第27条是有关受害人故意的规定,它与受害人同意规则在立法目的、适用对象和适用范围上都殊为不同。故而,体育侵权中的受害人同意规则并不能适用该条规定,它与自甘风险规则一道在我国侵权法上属于"非法定免责事由"。无论在体育法学的学理研究还是在相关体育侵权案件的司法适用中,受害人同意规则已经得到了广泛应用,在诸如《学生伤害事故处理办法》之类的行政规章中,它也得到了部分承认。适用受害人同意规则并不意味着要排除自甘风险规则,两者是我国体育侵权责任中最主要的两种抗辩事由。

Article 27 of Chinese Tort law regulates victim intention, which differs from victim consent in legislative goal, application object and application range. Therefore, victim consent in sports tort cannot be applied to the arti- cle. Together with risk doctrine, victim consent is non-legislative exemption in Tort law. Not only in the theoretical research but in some relevant sports tort cases, victim consent has been used widely. In the administrative regula- tion, such as Rules on Student Injury Treatment, victim consent is also recognized. The use of victim consent does not mean to stop the use of risk doctrine. Both of them are the two main exemptions in sport tort responsibility.