汉简人名“延年”身份考

The Analysis about Identities of“Yannian”People in Bamboo Slips of the Han Dynasty

"延年"是常见的汉简人名之一。它的流行,与汉人追求健康长寿的观念有关。由于多数"延年"人名简散乱残断,不易识读,对研究造成一定困难。运用历史和逻辑推理法,可以还原诸多"延年"身份。区别"延年"身份有绝对标准和相对标准两类。绝对标准指的是姓氏和籍贯。姓氏和籍贯不同,自然为不同的人。相对标准指的是简牍的出土地点和简文所载年代、职务等信息。单一相对标准的区别效力较弱,须有两个或两个以上标准才更有说服力。从对"延年"人名简逐一进行排比、整理与分析可知,"延年"人名主要流行于西汉时期,尤以宣、元、成三朝为多,东汉简中则较罕见,这与传世史籍中的记载相符。

＂Yannian＂ is one of the most popular names in the bamboo slips of the Han Dynasty. It relates to the conception of pursuit for longevity of people in the Han Dynasty. It is hard to research the ＂Yannian＂ bamboo slips because most of them are imperfect. In order to distinguish those ＂Yannian＂ , we should not only put the historical and logical analysis ways into use, but also take all factors, such as the surnames, native places （called absolute standard） , the sites, the age and the positions （called relative standard） into consideration. According to the confluence analysis of ＂Yannian＂ bamboo slips,it could be summarized that ＂Yannian＂, as a name, is more popular in the Western Hart Dynasty, especially during the Reign of Emperor Xuandi, Yuandi and Chengdi. It could hardly be seen in the bamboo slips of the Eastern Han Dynasty. Those match up to classical documents.