中国开展对外援助若干基本问题研究

On Some Fundamental Issues of China's Foreign Aid

中国提供对外援助已有六十多年历史,对外援助总额巨大、援助方式多样、援助对象广泛。在实施对外援助过程中,中国一直注重于人道主义和外交方面的考虑。应当适当调整援助政策,将对外援助与经济合作相结合,实现互利共赢。由于国际经济地位的转变使得其他国家对于中国的对外援助存在过高期待,要求中国承担更多的援助义务。但从性质上而言,中国的对外援助是一种基于自愿、立足于平等的发展中国家间的合作型援助,援助并非中国的国际义务,提供对外援助以不妨碍中国自身发展为前提。实施对外援助不仅有利于促进中国与发展中国家的良好关系和经济合作,也有利于彰显大国地位、加强国际经济话语权,同时是实现共同发展的需要。

China＇ s foreign aid has a history of more than 60 years, which is characterized as huge amount, multi-form and a wide range of beneficiaries in aid. Having been emphasizing on humanitarian and diplomatic considerations during the process of foreign aid, China should appropriately adjust policy of foreign aid and in- tegrate own development into it,thus achieved mutual benefit and a win-win situation. Owing to great changes of China＇ s international economic status, some countries hold so excessive expectations on China＇ s foreign aid that they asked China to undertake more international obligations. China＇ s foreign aid is a kind of cooperative aid which is based on a voluntary and equal ground between developing countries instead of China＇ s interna- tional obligations in its nature. Not preventing development of China herself is the prerequisite of offering for- eign aid. Implementation of foreign aid is beneficial not only to promote a good relationship and cooperation be- tween China and other developing countries, but also to enhance status of leading power and amplify China＇ s global economic voices. At the same time,it is essential to realize worldwide common development.