关于教育评价实证范式的思考──兼议教育评价实施中的负效应

Thinking on the Empirical Model of Education Evaluation

教育评价有两种范式，一是实证范式，一是人文范式。我国在教育评价工作中大量使用的是实证范式。由于实证范式的哲学基础是操作主义、心理学依据是行为主义，使用起来简便易行、客观性强。但是它有弊端，也易产生负效应。对这些弊端和负效应，教育评价的实践工作者认识还不够，因此，实施评价过程中容易产生不少问题。本文旨在提醒实证范式的危险来自何处，使评价工作更有效地开展。

There are two kinds of models in education evaluation, one is empirical evaluation, and the other is humanistic model. The empirical m ode l is frequently applied in the education evaluation in our country. The empirica l model of education evaluation is characterized as easy to operate and objective as the philosophical basis of it is operationalism, psychological basis of it is behaviorism. However, it has negative effect, and caused some problems in the p rocess of evaluation. The paper aims to point out the problems of the empirical model, and the ways to solve the problems.