亏缺灌溉对大棚滴灌甜瓜果实发育及品质影响

Effects of Deficit Drip Irrigation on Development of Muskmelon and Fruit Quality Grown in a Greenhouse

为研究南方地区甜瓜温室大棚栽培技术及对甜瓜品质的影响,该文以厚皮甜瓜情网为试验材料,根据不同田间持水量比例85%(T85)、75%(T75)、65%(T65)、55%(T55)、45%(T45)确定的灌水下限,研究大棚滴灌条件下甜瓜生殖生长期不同亏缺灌溉水量对甜瓜果实发育、灌溉水分利用效率、产量、品质及口感的影响。结果表明:甜瓜纵径生长完成先于横径生长,果实发育初期T65横纵径增长速率稍大于其他处理,后期T85>T65并大于其他处理;果型指数随着灌水量的减少而降低,但各处理差异不显著;T65、T55灌溉水分利用效率(IWUE)分别为14.1kg·m-3和14.0kg·m-3,而过多或过少的灌水都会使之降低,其中T65比T85的IWUE提高16.2%,节水达15.8%;单果重和最终产量以T85最高,T75、T65次之,但三者差异不显著。品质方面,甜瓜总可溶性固形物(TSS)含量从高至低依次为T65>T55>T85>T75>T45,T65达到10.67%,比T85提高了18.95%;T65和T55的边糖含量大于其他各处理,但各处理之间差异不显著;心糖含量以T65最高、T45最低,T45与T55、T65的差异显著;可溶性糖含量以T65、T75较高,两者差异不显著;T85可溶性蛋白、Vc含量较高,但可溶性糖及边糖心糖含量较低。感官检验结果为T65在香气、脆性、含汁量等方面较好,T75在甜度、口感、综合口味方面较好。综合考虑产量、品质、感官检验及灌溉水分利用效率,田间持水量的65%可作为甜瓜生殖生长期的灌水指标下限。

Effects of different drip irrigation water levels during productive growth stage on fruit development, irrigation water use effect, fruit production, quality and sensory experiences for muskmelon （Love net） were studied in a plastic greenhouse. The irrigation was determined by Time Domain Reflectometry （TDR）, and there were five different irrigation water levels relative to the percentage of field water capacity, 85%-T85, 75%-T75, 65%-T65, 55%-T55, 45%-T45, respectively. The results showed that the fruit vertical diameter growth was ahead of transverse diameter, and T65 was faster than others on the fruit early development with T85 and T65 bigger than others on late development. Fruit shape index decreased with the reduced irrigation water, but with little difference. The irrigation water use efficiency （IWUE） of T65 and T55 were significantly increased, by 14.1kg·m-3and 14.0kg·m-3, respectively. T65 increased by 16.2% more than T85, saving water amount about 15.8%. The yield and single fruit weight was the best for T85. The contented of TSS（Total soluble solid, TSS）was ranked as T65〉T55〉T85〉T75〉T45, and the content for T65 was up to 10.67%, and 18.95% higher than that of T85. The limbic sugar content of T65 and T55 were better than others, butno significant difference was found. Center sugar content of T65 was the best, and that of T45 was the lowest. Soluble sugar content of T65 and T75 were better, and the difference was not significant. As to T85, fruit soluble protein and Vc content were the better, but lower for center sugar and limbic sugar. Moreover, aroma, firmness and juiciness were the best for T65, sweetness, taste and global acceptance at organoleptic examination were the best for T75. Therefore, based on indexes of yield, IWUE, quality and organoleptic examination, 65% of field capacity would be the best for the reproduction growth of melon inside plastic greenhouse.