美国奥巴马政府新能源战略及其特点

New Energy Strategy of the Obama Administration in the United States and its Characteristics

近20年来,世界石油产量增长缓慢,难以满足全球对液体燃料需求的快速增长,石油安全问题凸显。美国作为世界上能源消费量最大的国家,正积极寻求能源安全的新途径。奥巴马上台后推出了新能源战略,其发展重点落在了清洁替代能源和新能源上,期望通过能源产业拉动美国新一轮的经济发展。本文将奥巴马能源战略概括为:增加国内石油产量、发展替代清洁能源、改善交通系统、节约能源和发展新能源等五个方面,并总结出三大特点:一是美国正在逐步实现"能源独立";二是美国将"能源武器"纳入能源外交中;三是绿色能源将成为美国经济的主力引擎。此外,本文还分析了奥巴马政府新能源战略在实施过程中可能存在五大问题。

As the growth of the world oil production is slowing down during the recent 20 years, the global demand for the liquid fuels is difficult to be achieved, thus the security of oil supply arises. The United States, consuming much more energy than any other country, is actively seeking new ways of energy security. After taking office, Obama has launched new energy strategy focusing on the clean alternative energy and new energy, and hoped that a new round of economic development will be stimulated by the U.S. energy industry. In this paper, Obama＇s energy strategy is summarized as the followings： increasing domestic oil production, developing alterna- tive clean energy, improving transport systems, promoting energy conservation and developing new energy. Meanwhile, three main features are concluded as follows： first, the U.S. is achieving ＂energy independence＂ ; secondly, the United States is integrating ＂energy weapon＂ into the energy diplomacy; thirdly, the green energy is becoming the main engine of the U.S. economy. In addition, it analyzes five possible issues during the implemen- tation of Obama＇s new energy strategy.