农民工市民化与中国经济社会结构转型问题研究

On the Issue of the Relationship between the Peasant Workers' Citizenization and the Social and Economic Structural Transformation of China

当今中国正面临结构转型的严峻挑战。从经济结构转型看,当前中国已处于"工业化高级阶段",经济结构持续向好转型非常困难,将面临严峻的人口、资源和环境约束以及"中等收入陷阱";从社会结构转型看,由于城市化长期滞后于工业化,加之因制度约束导致的"半城市化"问题严重,城乡差距缩小及城乡社会结构融合面临重重困难;从人口结构转变看,由于特殊的人口转变所导致的一系列社会经济问题,如"未富先老"、劳动力年龄结构问题、劳动力供给进入"刘易斯转折点"等,将成为困扰中国社会经济发展的突出问题。农民工市民化既是结构转型的重要内容,也是影响结构转型的重大问题。无论是扩大内需、实现经济增长方式的转变,还是提高劳动力素质、实现产业结构升级;无论是加快城市化建设、实现工业化与城市化协同发展,还是统筹城乡发展、实现城乡社会融合;无论是应对"未富先老",解决未来中国的养老难题,还是应对"刘易斯转折点",顺利渡过劳动力供给难关,这些都迫切要求加快农民工市民化进程。

The smooth implementation of structure transformation is of great significance to the sustainable development of economy and social stability and harmoniousness. Judging from the process of social, economic and population transition of contemporary China, many structural contradictions and problems are singled out. And the resolution of them will greatly be linked to the process of citizenization of migrant workers. This paper discussed the relationship between peasant workers＇ citizenization and the structural transformation and their influences on each other respectively from three aspects： the economic structure, social structure and population structure.