双极膜分离技术及应用进展

Perspective of bipolar membrane technologies and their applications

双极膜通过对水解离具有的催化效应,能够使水中的盐重新转变为酸和碱,在环境保护和资源回收等领域发挥着越来越大的作用。本文解析了双极膜的"三明治"结构特点、发展历程及发展趋势、制备工艺技术,阐述了双极膜催化水解离机理的3个模型:第二Wien效应模型、化学反应模型以及中和层模型。探究了双极膜电渗析及与其它化工过程耦合技术在不同领域的应用,其中包括酸碱生产领域、资源分离回收领域以及污染控制领域等。分析了双极膜的具体应用过程中存在的局限性并展望了双极膜在水解制氢、液流电池方面的应用前景。指出双极膜将朝着与传统化工过程、新型液流电池等系统集成化、规模化方向发展,成为多种化工应用领域的重要组件。

Salts in water can be dissociated to acid and base in the presence of bipolar membranes （BPMs）,which acts as catalyst in the process of water dissociation. Therefore,BMPs could be used in environmental protection and resource recycling. This paper reviewed technology progresses in BPMs, including preparation,characteristics,integration of BMPs and pollution control applications. Three major models BPMs for catalyzing water dissociation were introduced. Applications of BMPs in environmental protection were also introduced. Moreover,the prospects of BPMs applications in redox flow batteries and hydrolysis hydrogen production were also presented,and the limitations of current BPMs were discussed. The integration of BMPs with other chemical processes,and application for redox flow batteries can be prospective in future research.