我认识的环渤海考古——在中国考古学会第十五次年会上的讲话

The Circum-Bohai Sea Archaeology in My Mind-the Speech on the 15th Annual Meeting of Chinese Society of Archaeology

中国考古学会本次学术年会的主要议题，是“环渤海考古”。这是一次承上谋求启下、继往追求开来的学术研讨会。苏秉琦先生早在20世纪80年代后期至90年代前期，曾先后在辽宁、山东、河北和天津等地主持召开过几次“环渤海考古座谈会”，今天，中国考古学会召开的以“环渤海考古”为主题的第十五次年会，是苏秉琦先生主持召开的“环渤海考古座谈会”的延续，也是中国考古学会对苏秉琦理事长逝世15周年的纪念。环渤海考古，是由“环渤海”和“考古”两个内涵结合成的一个概念。“环渤海”指的是一个自然地理单元，“考古”指的是从考古学的发现与研究中观察到的环渤海地区的历史与文化。环渤海考古，是指依据考古学发现与研究观察到的环渤海地区的历史与文化。

The Circum-Bohai Sea Region is divided into the South Zone, the West Zone and the North Zone. Seen from the archaeological discoveries and researches to date, since the Neolithic Age to the Qin and Han Dynasties, this region as a whole experienced a development from ＂cultural pluralistic integration＂ to ＂national unified plurality＂ . The Circum-Bohai Sea Region is the habitation of Peking Man, Jinniushan Man and Upper Cave Man and other inhabitants in the different periods of the Paleolithic Age. Since 6000 BC, the Houli Culture and Xinglongwa Culture emerged in the South Zone and North Zone of the Circum-Bohai Sea Region respectively. Down to 5000 BC, the South Zone of the Circum-Bohai Sea Region centered by the Mount Tai and Yi River was occupied by Hougang Phase I Culture derived from Houli Culture, and in the North Zone, the Hongshan Culture coincided to Hougang Period, Hongshan Culture coincided to Xiyin Period and Hongshan Culture coincided to Banpo Phase IV Culture developed successively. In the Xia and Shang Dynasties, various archaeological cultures existed in the Circum-Bohai Sea Region; in the Western Zhon Dynasty, Zhou court enfeoffed Qi and Yan States in this region; since 221 BC, the Circum-Bohai Sea Region was brought into the territory of the Qin and Han Empires. From a ＂cultural pluralistic integration＂ to the organic part of the Zhou Dynasty and Qin and Han Empires, the development history of the Circum-Bohai Sea Region is a part of the formation history of the Chinese Nationality and her country with the Huaxia or Han people as the main body.