桑树多倍体育种的回顾与展望

Review and prospect of mulberry polyploid breeding

本文简述了国内外桑多倍体育种的历史与现状 ,以及多倍体特别是三、四倍体的特征特性和经济价值。我国迄今发现有天然三倍体 64份 ,四倍体 13份 ,六倍体 66份 ,八倍体 2份和二十二倍体 1份 ,是桑多倍体资源最丰富的国家。近年我国桑多倍体育种研究 ,在无性及实生系四倍体诱导技术 ,三倍体培育及多倍体为亲本的杂优组合选配技术等方面进展很快 ,已培育出一批表现较好的人工三倍体及以多倍体为亲本的杂优组合。

This paper briefly deals with the history and status quo of mulberry polyploid breeding and describes characters and economic value of the polyploids,in particular triploid and tetraploid.China is the most abundant in mulberry polyploid resources,of which 64,13,66,2 and 1 portions of natural triploid,tetraploid,hexaploid,octoploid and dicosaploid have been found, respectively.Progress in polyploidy breeding of mulberry in China has been fast in recent years,such as in the techniques of tetraploid induction,triploid breeding and polyploid hybrid combination.A number of promising triploid and hybrid combinations have been bred out.Direction of the polyploid breeding in future is also discussed.