“道德视景”领域中的小说史——读夏志清《中国现代小说史》

The History of the Novel in the Field of Moral View——Reading XIA Zhi-qing’s Chinese Modern Fiction History

"道德"及相关词汇是夏志清《中国现代小说史》中文学批评的关键词,他从多重道德角度批评中国现代小说作家和作品,形成了独特"道德视景"。这种的复杂的"道德视景",并不是简单的道德说教,而是兼容道德和审美判断的艺术批评。他从审美阅读出发,试图多角度考察人性面临的各种道德困境,寻求宗教人文关怀的精神超越维度,这种批评视角,在其《小说史》中构筑了一座多维复杂的立体金字塔结构:以审美的纯文学批评为底座,以"道德视景"为现实层面的价值标尺,以宗教精神为超越性的精神制高点,其中深厚的人文关怀充斥"金字塔"的各层。

Morality and related expressions are keywords in XIA Zhi-qing’s Literary Criticism in Chinese Modern Fiction History.He criticizes the modern Chinese fiction writers and their works from multiple ethical points of view,forming a unique＂ moral view.This complex moral view is not a simple moralizing,but is compatible art criticism with moral and aesthetic judgment.From his aesthetic reading,he tries to examine various ethical dilemmas faced by humanity in different angles,seeking religious humane care which is beyond the mental dimensions.And this criticism perspective has built a multi-dimensional complex structure of the three-dimensional pyramid in ＂the history of the novel ＂：take the aesthetic of pure literary criticism as the base,regard ＂moral view＂ as the value scale in the real level,and command the spirit of religious as transcendental highest height of the spirit,in which a deep humane care is full of every layer of the ＂pyramid＂.