播期对玉米新品种郑单538产量及相关性状的影响

Effects of Different Seeding Date on Yield and Related Characteristics of Corn Variety Zhengdan 538

为确定玉米新品种郑单538的适宜播期,对不同播期下郑单538的生育进程、植株性状、穗部性状、籽粒性状及产量等农艺性状进行了研究。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,玉米各生育阶段持续时间均有所缩短,粗缩病率降低。6月5日播种较5月21日播种播期推迟15d,玉米播种至出苗时间缩短2d;出苗至抽雄缩短2d,而抽雄至成熟收获缩短了11d,粗缩病率则由10.15%减少到2.16%。穗长、穗粗和穗行数在不同播期下差别不明显,行粒数随播期的推迟而减少,秃尖长随播期的推迟而增加,其中,6月5日播种比5月21日播种行粒数减少12.19%,秃尖长增加0.02cm。产量以6月5日播种最高,为11 079.60kg/hm2,比5月21日播种增产8.87%,比6月20日播种增产18.91%。综合多种因素,郑单538的适宜播种日期为5月25日至6月10日,最迟不能晚于6月15日。在小麦收获后应尽可能早播。

The field experiment with 7 kinds of seeding dates was carried out in 2012 to find the most suitable seeding date for new corn variety Zhengdan 538. With the delay of sowing date,the growth duration of Zhengdan 538 decreased, and the rate of rough dwarf disease cut down. The days from seeding to emergence, from emergence to tasseling and from tasseling to mature de- creased by 2 d, 2 d and 11 d, respectively, when it was sowed on June 5, compared to that sowed on May 21 ,and the rate of rough dwarf disease declined from 10.15% to 2.16%. The differences of ear length, ear diameter and ear row number were not significant among different sowing dates, but the grain number per row reduced and the bald tip elongated with the delay of sowing date. The grain number per row was 12.19% lower when sowed on June 5 than sowed on May 21 ,and the bald tip was 0.02 cm longer. The highest yield came from the sowing date of June 5,reaching to 11 079.6 kg/ha,which was 8.87% and 18.91% higher than sowed on May 21 and June 20,respectively. Integrating all the factors of Zhengdan 538,its suitable sowing date should be between May 25 and June lO,the latest date being June 15.