海军特勤疗养员疲劳状况调查分析及其心理教育框架的初步设计

Investigation and analysis on the fatigue experienced by the naval special service convalescents and the preliminary design of psychological education program

目的 调查某疗养院海军特勤疗养员疲劳状况,并根据调查结果初步设计其心理教育框架.方法 采用疲劳评定量表（fatigue assessment instrument,FAI）、社交回避及苦恼量表（social avoidance and distress scale,SAD）,对1612名海军特勤疗养员进行调查,应用SPSS 18.0软件进行数据分析.结果 有70.7％的疗养员疲劳量表得分＞4分,其中得分＞5分者占31.5％；研究对象的疲劳严重性因子（severity,S）、对特殊环境的敏感性因子（situation-specificity,SS）、疲劳可能导致的心理后果因子（psychological consequences,PC）得分均显著低于慢性疲劳综合征患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；疲劳对休息或睡眠的反应因子（responds to rest/sleep,RTR/S）则显著高于慢性疲劳综合征患者,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；与健康人相比,研究对象的S因子分偏高,PC和RTR/S因子分偏低,差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.01）；严重社交回避及苦恼（得分＞13分）的疗养员占总人数的30.82％；疗养员的社交苦恼与社交回避因子得分与S、SS、PC因子分呈显著性正相关（P＜0.01）,而与RTR/S因子分呈显著性负相关（P＜0.01）.结论 管理者应依据海军特勤疗养员的疲劳特点,在疗养期间开展以改善不良身心状态与人际交往状况、开发潜能为目标的心理教育,有效缓解其疲劳,提高疗养效果.

Objective To make a comprehensive analysis on the status of fatigue experienced by the naval special service convalescents and then to develop appropriate psychological education program in accordance with the results of the study.Methods A total of 1624 naval special service convalescents were evaluated with the Fatigue Assessment Instrument （FAI） and the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale （SAD）,and then data were analyzed with SPSS 18.0.Results The FAI scores greater than 4 accounted for 70.7% of the convalescents,of whom the scores greater than 5 accounted for 31.5% of the total number.Scores of fatigue severity （S） factor,situation-specificity （SS） factor and psychological consequence （PC） factor for the research objects were all significantly lower than those of the chronic fatigue syndrome patients,and statistical significance could be seen between them （P 〈 0.01）.And fatigue response to rest/sleep （RTR/S） factor was significantly higher than that of the chronic fatigue syndrome patients,also with statistical significance （P 〈 0.01）.When compared with healthy people,S factor of the research subjects （P 〈 0.01） was obviously higher,while PC and RTR/S factor were significantly lower,with statistical difference （P 〈 0.01）.The number of convalescents with severe social avoidance and distress （scores 〉 13） accounted for 30.82% of the total.Social distress and social avoidance factors were positively correlated with S,SS and PC factors （P 〈 0.01）,while they were negatively correlated with RTR/S factor （P 〈 0.01）.Conclusions The medical personnel of the sanatorium should conduct psychological education directed at improving their ill physical and psychological status,improving interpersonal communication and developing their potency,so as to effectively alleviate fatigue and improve convalescent effects.