水资源的节约和利用

Conservation and Utilization of Water Resources

缺水是一个世界性的问题,中国的北方属于绝对缺水地区。从世界范围来看,农业是最大的用水户,农业用水占总淡水用量的2/3。根据我国的自然条件和社会经济具体情况,制定地区节水灌溉规划的原则是:发展衬砌渠道输水与管道输水相结合的灌溉系统,重视改进地面灌溉方法和采用节水灌溉制度,鼓励地面水与地下水联合运用,加强工程节水技术与农业节水技术的结合,因地制宜发展先进的节水灌溉技术和传统节水灌溉方法,制定合适的节水政策。

Water scarcity is a worldwide issue. Northern part of China is viewed as absolutely water scarcity area. In the world, agriculture is the largest water consumer and water consumed by agriculture accounts for about two thirds of total fresh water volume. In accordance with natural conditions and social and economic background, principles to formulate water conservation irrigation plan include 1) to develop irrigation system combined lined canal with pipe; 2) to pay attention to improve surface irrigation method and adopt water conservation scheduling; 3) to encourage conjunctive utilization of ground water and surface water; 4) to enhance the combination of structural methods and agriculture means; 5) to develop advanced water conservation irrigation technology and improve traditional ways basing on local realities; 6) to work out suitable water conservation policy.