北京市部分儿童家庭空气污染物调查

Survey of indoor air contaminants in homes of newborns in Beijing

目的了解北京市儿童家庭室内空气污染物的水平。方法于2008年12月—2009年5月(冬春季)和2009年7—9月(夏秋季)分别采用随机数字的方法从北京市海淀妇幼保健院选取63户和24户新生儿家庭作为研究对象。按照GB/T 18883—2002《室内空气质量标准》的检测方法分别在冬春季和夏秋季检测室内空气中PM2.5、甲醛、苯、甲苯、二甲苯和挥发性有机物(TVOC)的浓度,同时于夏秋季监测室外空气中PM2.5的浓度。结果冬春季室内空气中PM2.5和甲苯浓度高于夏秋季,夏秋季室内空气中甲醛浓度高于冬春季,而不同季节时室内空气中苯、二甲苯和TVOC的浓度无明显差别。甲醛冬春季超标率为4.76%(3/63),夏秋季超标率为25.00%(6/24);TVOC冬春季超标率为6.35%(4/63),夏秋季超标率为4.17%(1/24);苯、甲苯、二甲苯均未超标。夏秋季室内、室外空气中PM2.5浓度接近,分别为(0.088±0.080)、(0.083±0.046)mg/m3,二者呈正相关(r=0.67,P<0.05)。结论本次调查的儿童家庭室内空气质量总体较好,在夏秋季可以利用室外PM2.5监测结果来推断室内PM2.5的污染水平。

Objective To know the levels of indoor air pollutants in the homes of newborns in Beijing. Methods A total of 63 and 24 homes were randomly selected in winter-spring and summer-autumn respectively. According to GB/T 18883-- 2002 Indoor Air Quality Standards, the indoor air concentrations of PM2.5, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene, xylene and TVOC were detected in winter-spring and summer-autumn. In summer-autumn the outdoor air concentrations of PM2.5 were detected. Results The concentrations of PM2.5 and toluene were significantly higher in winter-spring than those in summer- autumn. The concentrations of formaldehyde were significantly higher in winter-spring than those in summer-autumn. The concentrations of benzene, xylene and TVOC were no significant difference. The rate of formaldehyde exceeding the standard value was 4.76%, the ratio of TVOC was 6.35% in winter-spring, The rate of formaldehyde exceeding the standard value was 25.00%, the ratio of TVOC was 4.17% in summer/autumn, the concentrations of benzene and toluene did not exceed the standard values. There was a good correlation of the concentrations of PM2.5 in the indoor and outdoor air in summer/autumn （r=0.67, P〈0.05）. Conclusion The indoor air quality of homes of newborn babies was in a good condition. In summer-autumn the concentration of outdoor PM2.5 can predict the concentration of indoor PM2.5.