新生儿贫血临床特点及病因探讨

Clinical features and etiology of neonatal anemia

目的探讨新生儿贫血的临床特点、病因及相关临床因素。方法对我院2009年1月至2012年3月收治的264例新生儿贫血病例按照不同程度贫血、不同日龄、不同胎龄进行临床特点及病因分析。结果264例新生儿贫血中失血性贫血所占比例较高（54．5％，144／264），轻中度贫血较重度贫血常见（172vs92）。胎-母输血更常见于重度贫血（16．3％，15／92）。早期贫血多于晚期贫血（182vs82）。早期贫血以失血性贫血为主（64．3％，117／182），晚期贫血以感染性为主（67．1％，55／82）。胎-母输血均为早期贫血，胎-母输血中足月儿所占比例较高（94．4％，17／18），双胎输血以早产儿为主（96．7％，29／30）。结论新生儿贫血中失血性贫血为主要原因，轻中度贫血较重度贫血常见，早期贫血多于晚期贫血，足月儿与早产儿发生贫血的原因有所不同。

Objective To investigate the clinical features,etiology and related clinical factors in neo- natal anemia. Methods Two hundreds and sixty four infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit between January 2009 to March 2012 were retrospectively analysed with different levels,different age,differ- ent gestational age. Results Among 264 patients, the occupancy of blood loss anemia was 54. 5%. Mild and medium neonatal anemia were more than severe anemia （ 172 vs 92）. Fetomatemal hemorrhage syndrome oc- curred commonly in severe anemia （16. 3%, 15/92）. Early anemia was more than late anemia（ 182 vs 82）. Hemorrhagic anemia in early anemia （64. 3%, 117/82）occurred mainly. Late anemia with infection mainly （67.1%, 55/82）. Fetomaternal hemorrhage syndrome were all early anemia and term to account for a higher proportion （94.4%, 17/18 ） ;twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome occurred commonly among preterm term in- fants （96. 7% ,29/30）. Conclusion Blood loss anemia was the main etiological factor resulting in neonatal anemia. The incidence of mild and medium neonatal anemia was quite high. Early anemia was more than late anemia. There might be some differences in the etiology between term and perterm infants.