不同气质类型婴幼儿雾化吸入依从性分析与对策

Compliance of infants with different temperament types on inhalation and strategies

目的分析不同气质类型婴幼儿雾化吸入依从性的差异,评价干预措施的效果。方法选择西安市儿童医院呼吸科6个月至3岁的肺炎患儿168例,依据Carey婴幼儿气质量表问卷法将其分为易养型96例,难养型72例,分析婴幼儿雾化吸入依从性的差异。再将难养型患儿分为干预组和对照组,对于难养型干预组惠儿在雾化吸入时予以相应的干预措施,观察治疗时依从性以及干预的有效性。结果 易养型患儿顺利完成50例,基本完成39例,不能完成7例,能完成者占92.7%;难养型患儿对照组42例,顺利完成24例,基本完成4例,不能完成14例,能完成者占66.6%;难养型干预组30例,顺利完成17例,基本完成9例,不能完成4例,能完成者占88%。易养型患儿对雾化吸入的依从性明显高于难养型对照组,差异有统计学意义(x^2=20.6,P=0.015<0.05)。难养型干预组惠儿与难养型对照组患儿比较也有统计学意义(x^2=5.34,P<0.05),难养型干预组患儿与易养型比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论 易养型患儿对雾化吸入的依从性高,难养型患儿,给予音乐、玩具、舒适的环境都可以改善难养型患儿的雾化吸入治疗依从性。

l Objective To analyze the difference in inhalation compliance among infants of different temperament type and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. Methods Totally 168 cases of pneumonia patients, aged 6 months to 3 years old, were selected from Xi＇an Children＇s Hospital. According to Carey Infant Temperament Scale questionnaire, they were divided into easy to care type （n = 96 ） and difficult to care type （n = 72） , and the difference in inhalation compliance was analyzed. Infants of difficult to care type were then divided into intervention group and control group. Intervention group was given intervention, and the compliance and effectiveness of interventions were observed. Results Among infants of easy to care type, there were 50 cases accomplishing inhalation, 39 cases almost accomplishing inhalation, and 7 cases not accomplishing it. The proportion of infants accomplishing inhalation was 92.7%. There were 42 cases in control group with 24 cases of smoothly accomplishing, 4 cases of almost accomplishing and 14 cases not accomplishing. The cases accomplishing inhalation occupied 66.6%. There were 30 cases in the intervention group, with 17 cases of smoothly accomplishing, 9 cases of almost accomplishing and 4 cases not accomplishing. The cases accomplishing inhalation occupied 88%. The compliance of easy x^2 to care type was remarkably higher than that of difficult to care type, and the difference was slgmficant （X = 20.6, P =0. 015 〈 0.05 ）. There was statistical difference between the intervention group and the control group（x2 = 5.34, P 〈 0.05 ） , but the difference between the intervention group and easy to care group was not significant （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Conclusion The compliance on inhalation is high in easy to care infants. Providing music, toys and comfortable environment for difficult to care infants can improve the compliance.