小儿慢性咳嗽的病因分析

Etiological analysis of pediatric chronic cough

目的了解小儿慢性咳嗽的病因。方法对245例慢性咳嗽患儿的临床资料进行回顾性研究。结果245例小儿咳嗽的原因有呼吸道感染后咳嗽（26．67％），支气管异物（20．83％），鼻后滴漏综合征（15．00％），咳嗽变异性哮喘（12．92％）。小于1岁婴儿慢性咳嗽以呼吸道炎症后咳嗽和误吸母乳为主（62．71％），1～3岁小儿以气管、支气管异物和呼吸道感染后咳嗽为主（占70．09％），大于3岁儿童以咳嗽变异性哮喘和鼻后滴漏综合征为主（68．92％）。结论小儿慢性咳嗽的病因根据年龄段不同而异，主要病因有呼吸道炎症后咳嗽、鼻后滴漏综合征、咳嗽变异性哮喘、支气管异物等，其病因较复杂，须根据咳嗽特征、辅助检查、治疗反应来进一步确定。

Objective To investigate the causes of the chronic cough in children. Methods The clinical data of 245 cases of chronic cough in children were retrospectively studied. Results The causes of 245 cases of infantile cough included cough after respiratory tract infection（26.67% ）, foreign body in bronchus （ 20. 83% ）, postnasal drip syndrome （PNDS） （ 15.00% ）, and cough variant asthma （CVA） （12.92%）. Cough after respiratory tract infection and breast milk aspiration gave priority to chronic cough in baby under 1 year old（62.71% ）. The foreign body in trachea and bronchi and cough after respiratory tract infection were main causes in children aged 1-3 years old（70.09% ）. CVA and PNDS （ 68.92% ） were major causes of children over 3 years. Conclusion The etiology of pediatric chronic cough is different for children of different age. The major causes include cough after respiratory tract infection, PNDS, CVA, foreign body in bronchus, and so on. It should be further diagnosed according to cough characteristics, auxiliary examination and therapy because of complex etiology.