解读摆手堂

Interpretations of Baishou Hall

土家族非物质文化遗产摆手舞的物质承载空间——摆手堂,是具有祭祀、庆典和娱乐等多功能的综合场所,由神堂、场院、入口门楼和中心木杆或树木等多种要素组成的具有土家特色的公共空间。该文从选址与布局、场景与活动以及地方性特征等方面对土家摆手堂进行解读。摆手堂是土家聚落特有的建筑形式,建筑类型有别于住宅、宗祠和戏场,具有公共空间属性。文章分析了摆手堂保护所面临的困境,以及现存摆手堂的修葺质量令人担忧等问题,提出应重视摆手堂的保护和重建,新建摆手堂应体现原生态,保护和利用土家族聚居文化的整体性更为重要。

Baishou Hall is a hosting space where Baishou Dance of Tujia has been taken place.It is a multi-functional place of ritual,celebration and entertainment.It is the public space which composed by ancestor hall,yard,entrance gate and the center poles or trees.The paper makes interpretations of Baishou Hall from the aspects of site selection and layout,scenes and activities as well as the local features.Baishou Hall has special architectural form with characteristic of the Tujia village.It is different from residential building types,ancestral hall and the stage,and has the properties of public space.While analyzing the dilemma faced by Baishou Hall and the quality of repairing,the paper points out that Baishou Hall＇s dilemma and repairing problem solved by the renovation and reconstruction,new Baishou Hall must reflect the original ecology,and the integrity of protection and utilization of Tujia people＇s culture is more important.