3种南方羊舍夏季小气候环境的对比分析

Comparative analysis of air environment in three kinds of goat houses in summer in Southern China

在南方炎热的夏季,羊舍结构和饲养密度是决定羊舍小气候环境条件的关键因素。为了正确评价羊舍类型和合理设计饲养密度,在最热月连续12 d检测了南方地区常见的双坡顶漏缝地板有窗封闭式羊舍、单坡顶漏缝地板半开放式羊舍和课题组自主研发的新型移动式羊舍的空气环境参数。对比检测结果表明,移动羊舍空气日平均温度、相对湿度、氨气浓度等主要环境参数均极显著低于有窗封闭羊舍和半开放羊舍(P<0.01);与有窗封闭羊舍相比,半开放羊舍空气温度略低,相对湿度显著较高(P<0.05),氨气浓度极显著降低(P<0.01);当饲养密度降低1倍时(0.95只·m-2),有窗封闭羊舍相对湿度和氨气浓度极显著降低(P<0.01),空气温度和二氧化碳浓度也降低;随着饲养密度的降低,半开放羊舍主要环境参数均极显著降低(P<0.01)。综合分析认为,移动羊舍夏季小气候环境明显优于半开放羊舍和有窗封闭羊舍,半开放羊舍和有窗封闭羊舍相比各有优缺点,在一定范围内,夏季降低饲养密度能有效改善有窗封闭羊舍和半开放羊舍的小气候环境。

In the hot summer, the structure of goat house and stocking density are the key factors affecting the goat house micro-climate conditions. In order to correctly evaluate the goat types and reasonable design of stocking density, this study examined the air parameters of three goat houses, which were double slope airtight type goat house with windows and slatted floor, single slope semi-open type goat house with slatted floor and mo- bile goat house. This mobile goat house was designed by our research group independently. The results showed that some indicators of mobile goat house were significantly lower than those of double slope airtight type goat house with windows and slatted floor and single slope semi-open type goat house with slatted floor, such as aver- age temperature, relative humidity and ammonia concentration（P〈0.01 ）. Carbon dioxide concentration in mobile goat house was significantly lower than that in other houses （P〈O.05）. Compared with double slope airtight type goat house with windows and slatted floor, the air temperature of single slope semi-open type goat house with slatted floor was a little lower, but the relative humidity was higher （P〈0.05） , and ammonia concentration was lower（P〈0.01 ）. When the rearing density decreased by one time （0.95 head＇m2）, relative humidity and ammonia concentration of double slope airtight type goat house with windows and slatted floor were greatly lower （P〈 0.01 ） , and air temperature and carbon dioxide concentration were also lower. With the decrease of the feeding density, air temperature, relative humidity, ammonia concentration and carbon dioxide concentration significantly decreased in single slope semi-open type goat house with slatted floor （P〈0.01） . The results indicate that the micro-climate environment of mobile goat house is significantly better than that of double slope airtight type goat house with windows and slatted floor and single slope semi-open type goat house with slatted floor in summer. Both semi-open goat house and airtight goat house with windows have their own advantages and disadvantages, and reducing stocking density can significantly improve their micro-climate environment in summer.