夹竹桃叶化学成分的研究

Study on chemical constituents of Nerium indicum Mill

夹竹桃是一种广泛分布于热带和亚热带地区的观赏植物,含有多种生物活性成分以及毒理和药理功能。采用气-质联用和液-质联用技术对夹竹桃鲜叶的化学成分进行了分析,应用峰面积归一法计算各组分的相对含量,鉴定出了66种挥发性化学成分,其主要成分有植醇(10.02%)、棕榈酸(5.99%)、角鲨烯(2.90%)等;同时鉴定得到48种非挥发性化学成分。采用硅胶柱和聚酰胺柱层析分离技术,对夹竹桃甲醇提取物进行了分离纯化,分离鉴定得到3个化合物,核磁共振波谱分析显示分别为槲皮素-3-O-洋槐苷、芦丁和夹竹桃苷,其中,槲皮素-3-O-洋槐苷在该植物中首次被分离到。本试验结果为夹竹桃植物资源的深入开发提供了实验依据。

Nerium indicum is an ornamental plant that is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, and it has many kinds of bioactive components which are closely related to pharmacological and toxicological effects. In this paper, the chemical constituents in the leaves ofN. indicum were analyzed by GC-MS and LC-MS, respectively. The relative content of each component was calculated by peak area normalization method. Sixty-six volatile constituents were identified from the leaves ofN. indicum. The main constituents were phytol （10.02%）, n-hexadecanoic acid （5.99%）, and squalene （2.90%）. Meanwhile, forty-eight compounds were identified from the polar phase extract of N. indicum leaves. Moreover, silica gel column and polyamide column chromatography were used, and three compounds were separated and purified from the methanol extract of N. indicum. With the aid of nuclear magnetic resonance technology, the three chemicals were identified as quercetin 3-O-robinobioside （1）, rutin （2） and oleandrin （3）, respectively, in which quercetin 3-O-robinobioside was isolated from N. indicum for the first time. The results are of great significance for the further utilization of the N. indicum resources.