十堰市幼儿园儿童营养与体格发育现况研究

A Cross - sectional Study on Nutrition and Physical Development of Kindergarten Children in Shiyan City

目的评价十堰市区不同等级幼儿园学龄前儿童营养和体格发育状况,为幼儿园科学合理制定儿童膳食提供依据。方法整群随机选取十堰市区3所不同级别幼儿园1185名学龄前儿童,采用记账法加称重法进行5 d膳食调查,进行体格检查和测定血红蛋白。结果按《工作规范》评估,区级幼儿园膳食质量最差,日均热量72.32%、蛋白质66.32%、维生素A24.04%、铁39.82%等多项指标未达到"DRIs"的80%;省级幼儿园仅锌摄入量76.23%未达标,市级幼儿园居中。营养评价方面,省级幼儿园肥胖率最高9.84%,消瘦率最低1.04%,贫血率8.29%,区级幼儿园生长迟缓率最高12.17%,肥胖率最低4.23%,贫血率最高12.70%。结论幼儿园儿童的膳食热量与营养素供给基本合理,儿童生长状况较好,营养状况较好,但不同等级幼儿园差距明显。

Objective To assess the nutrition and physical development of preschool children from kindergartens of different levels in Shiyan City, and to provide a basis for formulating reasonable children dietary. Methods 1185 preschool children were selected with random cluster sampling from three kindergartens of different levels in Shiyan city. A 5 - day dietary survey was conducted with the accounting and weighting methods. Physical examinations were taken and hemoglobin was determined. Results The dietary quality of district kindergarten was the worst, while the average daily calories was 72. 32%, protein 66.32%, vitamin A 24. 04%, and iron 39. 82% ; the above indexes did not reach the 80% of DRIs. In the provincial kindergarten, only zinc intake （76.23%） did not reach the standard. The municipal kindergarten ranked in the middle. As for nutritional evaluation, the provincial kindergarten had the highest obesity rate of 9. 84%, the lowest emaciation rate of 1.04% and the lowest anemia rate of 8.29%. The district kindergarten had the highest growth retardation rate of 12. 17% , the lowest obesity rate of 4. 23% and the highest anemia rate of 12. 70%. Condusion Children dietary calories and nutrients supply in kindergartens are basically reasonable. And the nutrition and physical development of children are quite well, but there are obvious differences among the different level kindergartens.