植物纤维组分在聚氨酯中的应用

The Application of Plant Fiber Components in Polyurethane Synthesis

植物纤维原料及其组分可部分替代多元醇用于聚氨酯的制备中,其中的纤维素、木质素及其衍生物均可在其中作为多元醇组分或者填料。这种多元醇组分既可由纤维素、半纤维素或木质素直接充当,也可以通过液化手段制得。植物生物质基多元醇与异氰酸酯反应可制成聚氨酯;植物纤维原料及其组分作为填料时,可以改善聚氨酯的热稳定性及机械性能。文章综述了植物纤维以及植物纤维组分在聚氨酯中的应用,介绍了液化过程中植物纤维原料、液化试剂、催化剂等的使用方法。

Fibrous raw materials and their components, i.e., cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, can be used in the preparation of polyurethane in replace of polyol components or as filler components. When used as the polyol components, they can be treated by liquefaction to achieve suitable relative molecular mass and functionality. The lignoceUulose-based polyurethane materials can be synthesized from disocyanate and bio-polyol. When used as the fillers, fibrous raw materials and their components can improve the thermal stability and mechanical performances of polyurethane. The utilization of plant fibers, as well as that of liquefaction products in the preparation of polyurethane, is reviewed. The use of fibrous raw materials, liquefaction reagents and catalysts is illustrated in this paper.