心脏外科手术后患者早期急性低血压的原因分析及护理观察

Reasons analysis and nursing observation of patients with early acute hypotension after cardiac surgery operation

目的研究探讨心脏外科手术后患者早期急性低血压的原因及护理措施。方法本院2011年3月~2013年3月共行397例心脏手术,35例患者在术后早期出现急性低血压症状,对这35例患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,分析出现急性低血压症状的原因。结果 14例患者为输入血管活性药物导致,10例为血容量不足导致,6例为患者在术后出现电解质紊乱及心律失常导致,3例为服用镇静镇痛药物导致,2例为术后出现的严重并发症导致。经过紧急抢救30例患者的血压恢复至正常水平;5例死亡,其中2例肺部感染,3例为器官衰竭。结论心脏外科手术后患者早期出现急性低血压状况是由血管活性药物、血容量不足、电解质紊乱、心律失常及服用镇静镇痛药物等导致,通过积极有效的护理措施可避免急性低血压状况的产生,提高患者的生存质量。

Objective To explore the reasons analysis and nursing observation of patients with early acute hypotensi0n after cardiac surgery operation.Methods The clinical data of 36 patients with early acute hypotension after cardiac surgery operation were retrospectively analyzed.Results The reasons of the 36 patients with early acute hypotension af- ter cardiac surgery operation are the use of vasoactive agents（14 cases）,hypovolemia（6 cases）,allergic reaction（4 cases）, electrolyte disturbances and arrhythmia（6 ca^es）,taking sedative and analgesic drugs（3 eases）,serious postoperative com- plications（2 cases）.Through the emergency treatment, the blood pressure of 30 patients were returned to normal level,5 pa- tients died,includlng 2 cases of cardiac arrest,1 case of left ventficular rupture and 2 cases of organ failure.Conclusion The positive effective nursing measures can reduce the rate of acute hypotension and improve the quality of life of patients.