江苏省莱姆病生物媒介生态及防制研究

Studies on Control and Ecology of Vectors of Lyme Disease in Jiangsu Province

目的 :为摸清我省莱姆病生物媒介—蜱的种群、分布、消长及其带菌情况 ,研究防制方法。方法 :用布旗法及动物体外捕捉法收集蜱 ,分类鉴定 ,并进行季节消长调查 ;应用直接荧光抗体染色法查蜱中肠带菌率 ,BSK培养基分离病原体。现场喷洒毒死蜱和高效氯氰菊酯 ,比较处理前后及处理组与对照组蜱密度变化情况 ;使用避蚊胺作实验室和现场驱蜱效果观察。结果 :我省长江南北均有蜱存在 ,隶属 1科 3属 5种 ;蜱密度有明显的季节性。二棘血蜱中肠带螺旋体率为13.0 % ;捕捉活蜱 4 0 0 0多只作螺旋体分离 ,未获阳性培养物。现场喷洒 0 .5%毒死蜱和 0 .0 4 5%高效氯氰菊酯 ,可将蜱杀灭 ,持效在 30d以上 ;用同样的药物对动物及其圈舍喷洒 ,2 4h可杀灭所有的蜱 ;避蚊胺实验室驱蜱效果在 4h以上 ,现场效果达 3h。结论 :蜱在我省广泛存在 ,现场喷洒毒死蜱、高效氯氰菊酯及使用避蚊胺 。

From 1996 to 1999, we investigated species composition, distribution, wax and wane of ticks, isolated Lyme disease spirochetes, studied methods of ticks control and evaluated effects of control measures in Jiangsu province. We found that ticks distributed in south and north of Yangtse river. 5 species, 3 genera and 1 family had been known in all of the province.Ticks population varied in different seasons . They appeared in April,got top in May and June, slowly dropped down in August, and disappeared in October. 13 percent adult Haemaphysalis bispinosis containing spirochetes as determined by direct immunofluorescence assay, while no positive cultures were found in 4 000 live ticks samples during 1998-1999. Field spray of 0.5 % chlorpyrifos and 0.045 % high-effect-cypermethrin can kill ticks and be effective for 30 days.DEET was effective as a repellent against ticks.