湖北省兴山县移民安置区内生态系统的管理

Ecosystem management of settlement area in Xingshan County.

为了安置三峡工程的移民 ,湖北省兴山县形成了移民安置区 .天然林地的恢复和农田、城镇及村落的重建是安置区所面临的问题 .移民安置区内生态系统管理的核心问题是原有土地使用方式的重新配置 .提出农用土地生态系统与天然林生态系统协同发展 ,维持或提高生态系统水土保持能力 ,维持或扩大野生动物栖息地的生态系统管理目标 .通过划分功能保育区、功能改建区、自然保育区和自然维持区来实现管理目标 .安置区内生态系统管理是以地块为基本操作单位 ,通过地理信息系统和栅格化地图的方法实现的 .另外 ,提出多目标最佳空间规划的方法 ,该方法兼顾了土地利用格局中生态、经济和社会诸方面利益 .这一方法被用于安置区内城镇和村落格局的设计中 .根据本文提出的管理方案 ,安置区内林地面积可以增加 30 .19% ,生态系统水土保持能力可以提高 38.7% .

In the immigrant settlement area of Three Gorges reservoir region in Xingshan County, Hubei Province,the ecological problems were the restoration of degraded ecosystem, rehabilitation of degraded crop land, and reconstruction of towns and villages. The key to the construction of the settlement area was reassigning the way of land use. The major aim of restoration of natural ecosystems should be to improve water conservation capacity of the land,because this area is located in the catchment of the Xiangxi River. The goals of management were determined as the coordinated development of both agricultural and natural forest ecosystems,the maintenance and increase of water conservation capacity of ecosystems,and the maintenance and extension of wildlife habitats.For the purpose of effective ecosystem management, the area was classified into four divisions of functional conservation region, functional rehabilitation, natural reserves and natural maintenance. The ecosystem management of the settlement area in Xingshan County was implemented in every land cell,using GIS and the typical grid square survey method.The approach of multi objects optimal spatial plan was developed in this paper,in which,special emphasis was put on the ecological, economic and social benefits in the construction of towns and villages. According to the scheme of management,the cover of forest in the settlement area,would increase by 30.19%, and water conservation capacity of the ecosystems would raise by 38.7%.